diff --git a/src/backend/backend.c b/src/backend/backend.c
index 852c336..5e166da 100644
--- a/src/backend/backend.c
+++ b/src/backend/backend.c
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 #include <xcb/xcb.h>
 
 #include "backend.h"
-#include "config.h"
-#include "win.h"
-#include "region.h"
 #include "common.h"
 #include "compiler.h"
+#include "config.h"
+#include "region.h"
+#include "win.h"
 
 backend_info_t *backend_list[NUM_BKEND] = {
     [BKEND_XRENDER] = &xrender_backend,
@@ -107,8 +107,7 @@ void paint_all_new(session_t *ps, win *const t, bool ignore_damage) {
 					                         &reg_noframe);
 					pixman_region32_fini(&reg_noframe);
 				}
-				bi->blur(ps->backend_data, ps,
-				         (double)w->opacity / OPAQUE, &reg_blur);
+				bi->blur(ps->backend_data, ps, w->opacity, &reg_blur);
 				pixman_region32_fini(&reg_blur);
 			}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/xrender.c b/src/backend/xrender.c
index fb2b258..b03fc55 100644
--- a/src/backend/xrender.c
+++ b/src/backend/xrender.c
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ static void compose(void *backend_data, session_t *ps, win *w, void *win_data, i
 	bool blend = default_is_frame_transparent(NULL, w, win_data) ||
 	             default_is_win_transparent(NULL, w, win_data);
 	int op = (blend ? XCB_RENDER_PICT_OP_OVER : XCB_RENDER_PICT_OP_SRC);
-	auto alpha_pict = xd->alpha_pict[(int)(((double)w->opacity / OPAQUE) * 255.0)];
+	auto alpha_pict = xd->alpha_pict[(int)(w->opacity * 255.0)];
 
 	// XXX Move shadow drawing into a separate function,
 	//     also do shadow excluding outside of backend
@@ -290,7 +290,6 @@ render_win(void *backend_data, session_t *ps, win *w, void *win_data, const regi
 			                     0, 0, 0, 0, w->widthb, w->heightb);
 	}
 
-	const double dopacity = get_opacity_percent(w);
 	if (w->frame_opacity != 1) {
 		// Handle transparent frame
 		// Step 1: clip paint area to frame
@@ -303,7 +302,7 @@ render_win(void *backend_data, session_t *ps, win *w, void *win_data, const regi
 
 		// Draw the frame with frame opacity
 		xcb_render_picture_t alpha_pict =
-		    xd->alpha_pict[(int)(w->frame_opacity * dopacity * 255)];
+		    xd->alpha_pict[(int)(w->frame_opacity * w->opacity * 255)];
 		x_set_picture_clip_region(ps->c, wd->rendered_pict, 0, 0, &frame_reg);
 
 		// Step 2: multiply alpha value
@@ -317,7 +316,7 @@ render_win(void *backend_data, session_t *ps, win *w, void *win_data, const regi
 
 		double dim_opacity = ps->o.inactive_dim;
 		if (!ps->o.inactive_dim_fixed)
-			dim_opacity *= get_opacity_percent(w);
+			dim_opacity *= w->opacity;
 
 		xcb_render_color_t color = {
 		    .red = 0, .green = 0, .blue = 0, .alpha = 0xffff * dim_opacity};
diff --git a/src/c2.c b/src/c2.c
index 7ae66c8..fb0f98e 100644
--- a/src/c2.c
+++ b/src/c2.c
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ static xcb_atom_t
 c2_get_atom_type(const c2_l_t *pleaf);
 
 static bool
-c2_match_once(session_t *ps, win *w, const c2_ptr_t cond);
+c2_match_once(session_t *ps, const win *w, const c2_ptr_t cond);
 
 /**
  * Parse a condition string.
@@ -1365,7 +1365,7 @@ c2_get_atom_type(const c2_l_t *pleaf) {
  * For internal use.
  */
 static inline void
-c2_match_once_leaf(session_t *ps, win *w, const c2_l_t *pleaf,
+c2_match_once_leaf(session_t *ps, const win *w, const c2_l_t *pleaf,
     bool *pres, bool *perr) {
   assert(pleaf);
 
@@ -1567,7 +1567,7 @@ c2_match_once_leaf(session_t *ps, win *w, const c2_l_t *pleaf,
  * @return true if matched, false otherwise.
  */
 static bool
-c2_match_once(session_t *ps, win *w, const c2_ptr_t cond) {
+c2_match_once(session_t *ps, const win *w, const c2_ptr_t cond) {
   bool result = false;
   bool error = true;
 
@@ -1644,22 +1644,10 @@ c2_match_once(session_t *ps, win *w, const c2_ptr_t cond) {
  * @return true if matched, false otherwise.
  */
 bool
-c2_match(session_t *ps, win *w, const c2_lptr_t *condlst,
-    const c2_lptr_t **cache, void **pdata) {
-  assert(w->a.map_state == XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE);
-
-  // Check if the cached entry matches firstly
-  if (cache && *cache && c2_match_once(ps, w, (*cache)->ptr)) {
-    if (pdata)
-      *pdata = (*cache)->data;
-    return true;
-  }
-
+c2_match(session_t *ps, const win *w, const c2_lptr_t *condlst, void **pdata) {
   // Then go through the whole linked list
   for (; condlst; condlst = condlst->next) {
     if (c2_match_once(ps, w, condlst->ptr)) {
-      if (cache)
-        *cache = condlst;
       if (pdata)
         *pdata = condlst->data;
       return true;
diff --git a/src/c2.h b/src/c2.h
index 370241d..21eb112 100644
--- a/src/c2.h
+++ b/src/c2.h
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ c2_lptr_t *c2_parse(c2_lptr_t **pcondlst, const char *pattern, void *data);
 
 c2_lptr_t *c2_free_lptr(c2_lptr_t *lp);
 
-bool c2_match(session_t *ps, win *w, const c2_lptr_t *condlst, const c2_lptr_t **cache,
-              void **pdata);
+bool c2_match(session_t *ps, const win *w, const c2_lptr_t *condlst, void **pdata);
 
 bool c2_list_postprocess(session_t *ps, c2_lptr_t *list);
diff --git a/src/common.h b/src/common.h
index 77a2dfd..d6f0ab0 100644
--- a/src/common.h
+++ b/src/common.h
@@ -98,7 +98,6 @@
 #define ROUNDED_PERCENT 0.05
 #define ROUNDED_PIXELS  10
 
-#define OPAQUE 0xffffffff
 #define REGISTER_PROP "_NET_WM_CM_S"
 
 #define TIME_MS_MAX LONG_MAX
@@ -371,9 +370,6 @@ typedef struct session {
   bool tmout_unredir_hit;
   /// Whether we need to redraw the screen
   bool redraw_needed;
-  /// Whether the program is idling. I.e. no fading, no potential window
-  /// changes.
-  bool fade_running;
   /// Program start time.
   struct timeval time_start;
   /// The region needs to painted on next paint.
@@ -687,11 +683,6 @@ timespec_subtract(struct timespec *result,
   return x->tv_sec < y->tv_sec;
 }
 
-static inline double
-get_opacity_percent(win *w) {
-  return ((double) w->opacity) / OPAQUE;
-}
-
 /**
  * Get current time in struct timeval.
  */
@@ -792,8 +783,9 @@ find_win(session_t *ps, xcb_window_t id) {
   win *w;
 
   for (w = ps->list; w; w = w->next) {
-    if (w->id == id && !w->destroying)
+    if (w->id == id && w->state != WSTATE_DESTROYING) {
       return w;
+    }
   }
 
   return 0;
@@ -811,8 +803,9 @@ find_toplevel(session_t *ps, xcb_window_t id) {
     return NULL;
 
   for (win *w = ps->list; w; w = w->next) {
-    if (w->client_win == id && !w->destroying)
+    if (w->client_win == id && w->state != WSTATE_DESTROYING) {
       return w;
+    }
   }
 
   return NULL;
diff --git a/src/compiler.h b/src/compiler.h
index fe36ed3..b44562b 100644
--- a/src/compiler.h
+++ b/src/compiler.h
@@ -4,9 +4,11 @@
 
 #include <stdc-predef.h>
 
-#define auto         __auto_type
-#define likely(x)    __builtin_expect(!!(x), 1)
-#define unlikely(x)  __builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)
+#define auto           __auto_type
+#define likely(x)      __builtin_expect(!!(x), 1)
+#define unlikely(x)    __builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)
+#define likely_if(x)   if (likely(x))
+#define unlikely_if(x) if (unlikely(x))
 
 #ifndef __has_attribute
 # if __GNUC__ >= 4
diff --git a/src/compton.c b/src/compton.c
index a5fa007..831ccc9 100644
--- a/src/compton.c
+++ b/src/compton.c
@@ -59,12 +59,6 @@
   (session_t *)((char *)__mptr - offsetof(session_t, member)); \
 })
 
-static void
-finish_destroy_win(session_t *ps, win **_w);
-
-static void
-configure_win(session_t *ps, xcb_configure_notify_event_t *ce);
-
 static void
 update_refresh_rate(session_t *ps);
 
@@ -91,9 +85,6 @@ redir_stop(session_t *ps);
 static win *
 recheck_focus(session_t *ps);
 
-static double
-get_opacity_percent(win *w);
-
 static void
 restack_win(session_t *ps, win *w, xcb_window_t new_above);
 
@@ -169,25 +160,6 @@ free_xinerama_info(session_t *ps) {
 #endif
 }
 
-/**
- * Destroy all resources in a <code>struct _win</code>.
- */
-static inline void
-free_win_res(session_t *ps, win *w) {
-  free_win_res_glx(ps, w);
-  free_paint(ps, &w->paint);
-  pixman_region32_fini(&w->bounding_shape);
-  free_paint(ps, &w->shadow_paint);
-  // BadDamage may be thrown if the window is destroyed
-  set_ignore_cookie(ps,
-      xcb_damage_destroy(ps->c, w->damage));
-  rc_region_unref(&w->reg_ignore);
-  free(w->name);
-  free(w->class_instance);
-  free(w->class_general);
-  free(w->role);
-}
-
 /**
  * Get current system clock in milliseconds.
  */
@@ -200,35 +172,6 @@ get_time_ms(void) {
   return tv.tv_sec % SEC_WRAP * 1000 + tv.tv_usec / 1000;
 }
 
-/**
- * Get the Xinerama screen a window is on.
- *
- * Return an index >= 0, or -1 if not found.
- *
- * XXX move to x.c
- */
-static inline void
-cxinerama_win_upd_scr(session_t *ps, win *w) {
-#ifdef CONFIG_XINERAMA
-  w->xinerama_scr = -1;
-
-  if (!ps->xinerama_scrs)
-    return;
-
-  xcb_xinerama_screen_info_t *scrs = xcb_xinerama_query_screens_screen_info(ps->xinerama_scrs);
-  int length = xcb_xinerama_query_screens_screen_info_length(ps->xinerama_scrs);
-  for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-    xcb_xinerama_screen_info_t *s = &scrs[i];
-    if (s->x_org <= w->g.x && s->y_org <= w->g.y
-        && s->x_org + s->width >= w->g.x + w->widthb
-        && s->y_org + s->height >= w->g.y + w->heightb) {
-      w->xinerama_scr = i;
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-}
-
 // XXX Move to x.c
 static void
 cxinerama_upd_scrs(session_t *ps) {
@@ -334,32 +277,46 @@ fade_timeout(session_t *ps) {
  * Run fading on a window.
  *
  * @param steps steps of fading
+ * @return whether we are still in fading mode
  */
-static void
-run_fade(session_t *ps, win *w, unsigned steps) {
-  // If we have reached target opacity, return
-  if (w->opacity == w->opacity_tgt) {
-    return;
+static bool
+run_fade(session_t *ps, win **_w, unsigned steps) {
+  win *w = *_w;
+  if (w->state == WSTATE_MAPPED || w->state == WSTATE_UNMAPPED) {
+    // We are not fading
+    assert(w->opacity_tgt == w->opacity);
+    return false;
   }
 
-  if (!w->fade)
+  if (!win_should_fade(ps, w)) {
+    log_debug("Window %#010x %s doesn't need fading", w->id, w->name);
     w->opacity = w->opacity_tgt;
-  else if (steps) {
-    // Use double below because opacity_t will probably overflow during
-    // calculations
-    if (w->opacity < w->opacity_tgt)
-      w->opacity = normalize_d_range(
-          (double) w->opacity + (double) ps->o.fade_in_step * steps,
-          0.0, w->opacity_tgt);
-    else
-      w->opacity = normalize_d_range(
-          (double) w->opacity - (double) ps->o.fade_out_step * steps,
-          w->opacity_tgt, OPAQUE);
+  }
+  if (w->opacity == w->opacity_tgt) {
+    // We have reached target opacity, wrapping up.
+    // Note, we reach here after we have rendered the window with the target
+    // opacity at least once. If the window is destroyed because it is faded out,
+    // there is no need to add damage here.
+    log_debug("Fading finished for window %#010x %s", w->id, w->name);
+    win_check_fade_finished(ps, _w);
+    return false;
   }
 
-  if (w->opacity != w->opacity_tgt) {
-    ps->fade_running = true;
+  if (steps) {
+    if (w->opacity < w->opacity_tgt) {
+      w->opacity = normalize_d_range(
+          w->opacity + ps->o.fade_in_step * steps,
+          0.0, w->opacity_tgt);
+    } else {
+      w->opacity = normalize_d_range(
+          w->opacity - ps->o.fade_out_step * steps,
+          w->opacity_tgt, 1);
+    }
   }
+
+  // Note even if opacity == opacity_tgt, we still want to run preprocess one last
+  // time to finish state transition. So return true in that case too.
+  return true;
 }
 
 // === Error handling ===
@@ -516,8 +473,11 @@ find_client_win(session_t *ps, xcb_window_t w) {
 }
 
 static win *
-paint_preprocess(session_t *ps, win *list) {
+paint_preprocess(session_t *ps, win *list, bool *fade_running) {
+  // XXX need better, more general name for `fade_running`. It really
+  // means if fade is still ongoing after the current frame is rendered
   win *t = NULL, *next = NULL;
+  *fade_running = false;
 
   // Fading step calculation
   unsigned long steps = 0L;
@@ -539,40 +499,50 @@ paint_preprocess(session_t *ps, win *list) {
     const bool was_painted = w->to_paint;
     const opacity_t opacity_old = w->opacity;
     // Restore flags from last paint if the window is being faded out
-    if (w->a.map_state == XCB_MAP_STATE_UNMAPPED) {
+    // TODO probably should just stop updating window flags when window
+    //      is fading out
+    if (w->state == WSTATE_UNMAPPING || w->state == WSTATE_DESTROYING) {
       win_set_shadow(ps, w, w->shadow_last);
-      w->fade = w->fade_last;
       win_set_invert_color(ps, w, w->invert_color_last);
       win_set_blur_background(ps, w, w->blur_background_last);
     }
 
-    // Update window opacity target and dim state if asked
-    if (WFLAG_OPCT_CHANGE & w->flags) {
-      win_calc_opacity(ps, w);
-      win_calc_dim(ps, w);
+    if (win_should_dim(ps, w) != w->dim) {
+        w->dim = win_should_dim(ps, w);
+        add_damage_from_win(ps, w);
     }
 
     // Run fading
-    run_fade(ps, w, steps);
+    if (run_fade(ps, &w, steps)) {
+      *fade_running = true;
+    }
 
-    if (win_has_frame(w))
+    if (!w) {
+      // the window might have been destroyed because fading finished
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (win_has_frame(w)) {
       w->frame_opacity = ps->o.frame_opacity;
-    else
+    } else {
       w->frame_opacity = 1.0;
+    }
 
     // Update window mode
     win_determine_mode(ps, w);
 
     // Destroy all reg_ignore above when frame opaque state changes on
     // SOLID mode
-    if (was_painted && w->mode != mode_old)
+    if (was_painted && w->mode != mode_old) {
       w->reg_ignore_valid = false;
+    }
 
     // Add window to damaged area if its opacity changes
     // If was_painted == false, and to_paint is also false, we don't care
     // If was_painted == false, but to_paint is true, damage will be added in the loop below
-    if (was_painted && w->opacity != opacity_old)
+    if (was_painted && w->opacity != opacity_old) {
       add_damage_from_win(ps, w);
+    }
   }
 
   // Opacity will not change, from now on.
@@ -603,8 +573,8 @@ paint_preprocess(session_t *ps, win *list) {
     if (!w->ever_damaged
         || w->g.x + w->g.width < 1 || w->g.y + w->g.height < 1
         || w->g.x >= ps->root_width || w->g.y >= ps->root_height
-        || ((w->a.map_state == XCB_MAP_STATE_UNMAPPED || w->destroying) && !w->paint.pixmap)
-        || (double) w->opacity / OPAQUE * MAX_ALPHA < 1
+        || w->state == WSTATE_UNMAPPED
+        || (double) w->opacity * MAX_ALPHA < 1
         || w->paint_excluded)
       to_paint = false;
     //log_trace("%s %d %d %d", w->name, to_paint, w->opacity, w->paint_excluded);
@@ -621,7 +591,7 @@ paint_preprocess(session_t *ps, win *list) {
       goto skip_window;
 
     // Calculate shadow opacity
-    w->shadow_opacity = ps->o.shadow_opacity * get_opacity_percent(w) * ps->o.frame_opacity;
+    w->shadow_opacity = ps->o.shadow_opacity * w->opacity * ps->o.frame_opacity;
 
     // Generate ignore region for painting to reduce GPU load
     if (!w->reg_ignore)
@@ -673,7 +643,6 @@ paint_preprocess(session_t *ps, win *list) {
     reg_ignore_valid = reg_ignore_valid && w->reg_ignore_valid;
     w->reg_ignore_valid = true;
 
-    assert(w->destroying == (w->fade_callback == finish_destroy_win));
     win_check_fade_finished(ps, &w);
 
     // Avoid setting w->to_paint if w is freed
@@ -683,7 +652,6 @@ paint_preprocess(session_t *ps, win *list) {
       if (w->to_paint) {
         // Save flags
         w->shadow_last = w->shadow;
-        w->fade_last = w->fade;
         w->invert_color_last = w->invert_color;
         w->blur_background_last = w->blur_background;
       }
@@ -693,7 +661,7 @@ paint_preprocess(session_t *ps, win *list) {
   rc_region_unref(&last_reg_ignore);
 
   // If possible, unredirect all windows and stop painting
-  if (UNSET != ps->o.redirected_force)
+  if (ps->o.redirected_force != UNSET)
     unredir_possible = !ps->o.redirected_force;
   else if (ps->o.unredir_if_possible && is_highest && !ps->redirected)
     // If there's no window to paint, and the screen isn't redirected,
@@ -791,170 +759,6 @@ repair_win(session_t *ps, win *w) {
   add_damage(ps, &parts);
   pixman_region32_fini(&parts);
 }
-
-static void
-finish_map_win(session_t *ps, win **_w) {
-  win *w = *_w;
-  w->in_openclose = false;
-  if (ps->o.no_fading_openclose) {
-    win_determine_fade(ps, w);
-  }
-}
-
-void
-map_win(session_t *ps, xcb_window_t id) {
-  // Unmap overlay window if it got mapped but we are currently not
-  // in redirected state.
-  if (ps->overlay && id == ps->overlay && !ps->redirected) {
-    auto e = xcb_request_check(ps->c, xcb_unmap_window(ps->c, ps->overlay));
-    if (e) {
-      log_error("Failed to unmap the overlay window");
-      free(e);
-    }
-    // We don't track the overlay window, so we can return
-    return;
-  }
-
-  win *w = find_win(ps, id);
-
-  log_trace("(%#010x \"%s\"): %p", id, (w ? w->name: NULL), w);
-
-  // Don't care about window mapping if it's an InputOnly window
-  // Try avoiding mapping a window twice
-  if (!w || InputOnly == w->a._class
-      || w->a.map_state == XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE)
-    return;
-
-  assert(!win_is_focused_real(ps, w));
-
-  w->a.map_state = XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE;
-
-  cxinerama_win_upd_scr(ps, w);
-
-  // Set window event mask before reading properties so that no property
-  // changes are lost
-  xcb_change_window_attributes(ps->c, id, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK,
-      (const uint32_t[]) { determine_evmask(ps, id, WIN_EVMODE_FRAME) });
-
-  // Notify compton when the shape of a window changes
-  if (ps->shape_exists) {
-    xcb_shape_select_input(ps->c, id, 1);
-  }
-
-  // Make sure the select input requests are sent
-  x_sync(ps->c);
-
-  // Update window mode here to check for ARGB windows
-  win_determine_mode(ps, w);
-
-  // Detect client window here instead of in add_win() as the client
-  // window should have been prepared at this point
-  if (!w->client_win) {
-    win_recheck_client(ps, w);
-  } else {
-    // Re-mark client window here
-    win_mark_client(ps, w, w->client_win);
-  }
-
-  assert(w->client_win);
-
-  log_trace("(%#010x): type %s", w->id, WINTYPES[w->window_type]);
-
-  // FocusIn/Out may be ignored when the window is unmapped, so we must
-  // recheck focus here
-  if (ps->o.track_focus)
-    recheck_focus(ps);
-
-  // Update window focus state
-  win_update_focused(ps, w);
-
-  // Update opacity and dim state
-  win_update_opacity_prop(ps, w);
-  w->flags |= WFLAG_OPCT_CHANGE;
-
-  // Check for _COMPTON_SHADOW
-  if (ps->o.respect_prop_shadow)
-    win_update_prop_shadow_raw(ps, w);
-
-  // Many things above could affect shadow
-  win_determine_shadow(ps, w);
-
-  // Set fading state
-  w->in_openclose = true;
-  win_set_fade_callback(ps, &w, finish_map_win, true);
-  win_determine_fade(ps, w);
-
-  win_determine_blur_background(ps, w);
-
-  w->ever_damaged = false;
-
-  /* if any configure events happened while
-     the window was unmapped, then configure
-     the window to its correct place */
-  if (w->need_configure)
-    configure_win(ps, &w->queue_configure);
-
-  // We stopped listening on ShapeNotify events
-  // when the window is unmapped (XXX we shouldn't),
-  // so the shape of the window might have changed,
-  // update. (Issue #35)
-  win_update_bounding_shape(ps, w);
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_DBUS
-  // Send D-Bus signal
-  if (ps->o.dbus) {
-    cdbus_ev_win_mapped(ps, w);
-  }
-#endif
-}
-
-static void
-finish_unmap_win(session_t *ps, win **_w) {
-  win *w = *_w;
-  w->ever_damaged = false;
-  w->in_openclose = false;
-  w->reg_ignore_valid = false;
-
-  /* damage region */
-  add_damage_from_win(ps, w);
-
-  free_paint(ps, &w->paint);
-  free_paint(ps, &w->shadow_paint);
-}
-
-static void
-unmap_win(session_t *ps, win **_w) {
-  win *w = *_w;
-  if (!w || w->a.map_state == XCB_MAP_STATE_UNMAPPED) return;
-
-  if (w->destroying) return;
-
-  // Set focus out
-  win_set_focused(ps, w, false);
-
-  w->a.map_state = XCB_MAP_STATE_UNMAPPED;
-
-  // Fading out
-  w->flags |= WFLAG_OPCT_CHANGE;
-  win_set_fade_callback(ps, _w, finish_unmap_win, false);
-  w->in_openclose = true;
-  win_determine_fade(ps, w);
-
-  // Validate pixmap if we have to do fading
-  if (w->fade)
-    win_validate_pixmap(ps, w);
-
-  // don't care about properties anymore
-  win_ev_stop(ps, w);
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_DBUS
-  // Send D-Bus signal
-  if (ps->o.dbus) {
-    cdbus_ev_win_unmapped(ps, w);
-  }
-#endif
-}
-
 static void
 restack_win(session_t *ps, win *w, xcb_window_t new_above) {
   xcb_window_t old_above;
@@ -986,7 +790,7 @@ restack_win(session_t *ps, win *w, xcb_window_t new_above) {
 
     // rehook
     for (prev = &ps->list; *prev; prev = &(*prev)->next) {
-      if ((*prev)->id == new_above && !(*prev)->destroying) {
+      if ((*prev)->id == new_above && (*prev)->state != WSTATE_DESTROYING) {
         found = true;
         break;
       }
@@ -1037,7 +841,7 @@ restack_win(session_t *ps, win *w, xcb_window_t new_above) {
   }
 }
 
-static void
+void
 configure_win(session_t *ps, xcb_configure_notify_event_t *ce) {
   // On root window changes
   if (ce->window == ps->root) {
@@ -1131,7 +935,7 @@ configure_win(session_t *ps, xcb_configure_notify_event_t *ce) {
     if (factor_change) {
       win_on_factor_change(ps, w);
       add_damage(ps, &damage);
-      cxinerama_win_upd_scr(ps, w);
+      win_update_screen(ps, w);
     }
   }
 
@@ -1158,67 +962,6 @@ circulate_win(session_t *ps, xcb_circulate_notify_event_t *ce) {
   restack_win(ps, w, new_above);
 }
 
-// TODO move to win.c
-static void
-finish_destroy_win(session_t *ps, win **_w) {
-  win *w = *_w;
-  assert(w->destroying);
-  win **prev = NULL, *i = NULL;
-
-  log_trace("(%#010x): Starting...", w->id);
-
-  for (prev = &ps->list; (i = *prev); prev = &i->next) {
-    if (w == i) {
-      log_trace("(%#010x \"%s\"): %p", w->id, w->name, w);
-
-      finish_unmap_win(ps, _w);
-      *prev = w->next;
-
-      // Clear active_win if it's pointing to the destroyed window
-      if (w == ps->active_win)
-        ps->active_win = NULL;
-
-      free_win_res(ps, w);
-
-      // Drop w from all prev_trans to avoid accessing freed memory in
-      // repair_win()
-      for (win *w2 = ps->list; w2; w2 = w2->next)
-        if (w == w2->prev_trans)
-          w2->prev_trans = NULL;
-
-      free(w);
-      *_w = NULL;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-static void
-destroy_win(session_t *ps, xcb_window_t id) {
-  win *w = find_win(ps, id);
-
-  log_trace("%#010x \"%s\": %p", id, (w ? w->name: NULL), w);
-
-  if (w) {
-    unmap_win(ps, &w);
-
-    w->destroying = true;
-
-    if (ps->o.no_fading_destroyed_argb)
-      win_determine_fade(ps, w);
-
-    // Set fading callback
-    win_set_fade_callback(ps, &w, finish_destroy_win, false);
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_DBUS
-    // Send D-Bus signal
-    if (ps->o.dbus) {
-      cdbus_ev_win_destroyed(ps, w);
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-}
-
 static inline void
 root_damaged(session_t *ps) {
   if (ps->root_tile_paint.pixmap) {
@@ -1284,14 +1027,12 @@ win_set_shadow_force(session_t *ps, win *w, switch_t val) {
 
 /**
  * Set w->fade_force of a window.
+ *
+ * Doesn't affect fading already in progress
  */
 void
 win_set_fade_force(session_t *ps, win *w, switch_t val) {
-  if (val != w->fade_force) {
-    w->fade_force = val;
-    win_determine_fade(ps, w);
-    queue_redraw(ps);
-  }
+  w->fade_force = val;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1343,15 +1084,12 @@ opts_init_track_focus(session_t *ps) {
 
 /**
  * Set no_fading_openclose option.
+ *
+ * Don't affect fading already in progress
  */
 void
 opts_set_no_fading_openclose(session_t *ps, bool newval) {
-  if (newval != ps->o.no_fading_openclose) {
-    ps->o.no_fading_openclose = newval;
-    for (win *w = ps->list; w; w = w->next)
-      win_determine_fade(ps, w);
-    queue_redraw(ps);
-  }
+  ps->o.no_fading_openclose = newval;
 }
 
 //!@}
@@ -1518,20 +1256,28 @@ ev_configure_notify(session_t *ps, xcb_configure_notify_event_t *ev) {
 
 inline static void
 ev_destroy_notify(session_t *ps, xcb_destroy_notify_event_t *ev) {
-  destroy_win(ps, ev->window);
+  win *w = find_win(ps, ev->window);
+  if (w) {
+    unmap_win(ps, &w, true);
+  }
 }
 
 inline static void
 ev_map_notify(session_t *ps, xcb_map_notify_event_t *ev) {
   map_win(ps, ev->window);
+  // FocusIn/Out may be ignored when the window is unmapped, so we must
+  // recheck focus here
+  if (ps->o.track_focus) {
+    recheck_focus(ps);
+  }
 }
 
 inline static void
 ev_unmap_notify(session_t *ps, xcb_unmap_notify_event_t *ev) {
   win *w = find_win(ps, ev->window);
-
-  if (w)
-    unmap_win(ps, &w);
+  if (w) {
+    unmap_win(ps, &w, false);
+  }
 }
 
 inline static void
@@ -1540,9 +1286,14 @@ ev_reparent_notify(session_t *ps, xcb_reparent_notify_event_t *ev) {
             ev->parent, ev->override_redirect);
 
   if (ev->parent == ps->root) {
+    // new window
     add_win(ps, ev->window, 0);
   } else {
-    destroy_win(ps, ev->window);
+    // otherwise, find and destroy the window first
+    win *w = find_win(ps, ev->window);
+    if (w) {
+      unmap_win(ps, &w, true);
+    }
 
     // Reset event mask in case something wrong happens
     xcb_change_window_attributes(ps->c, ev->window, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK,
@@ -1687,7 +1438,13 @@ ev_property_notify(session_t *ps, xcb_property_notify_event_t *ev) {
     win *w = find_win(ps, ev->window) ?: find_toplevel(ps, ev->window);
     if (w) {
       win_update_opacity_prop(ps, w);
-      w->flags |= WFLAG_OPCT_CHANGE;
+      // we cannot receive OPACITY change when window is destroyed
+      assert(w->state != WSTATE_DESTROYING);
+      if (w->state == WSTATE_MAPPED) {
+        // See the winstate_t transition table
+        w->state = WSTATE_FADING;
+      }
+      w->opacity_tgt = win_get_opacity_target(ps, w);
     }
   }
 
@@ -2228,7 +1985,7 @@ init_overlay(session_t *ps) {
 static void
 redir_start(session_t *ps) {
   if (!ps->redirected) {
-    log_trace("Screen redirected.");
+    log_debug("Screen redirected.");
 
     // Map overlay window. Done firstly according to this:
     // https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=597014
@@ -2262,7 +2019,7 @@ redir_start(session_t *ps) {
 static void
 redir_stop(session_t *ps) {
   if (ps->redirected) {
-    log_trace("Screen unredirected.");
+    log_debug("Screen unredirected.");
     // Destroy all Pictures as they expire once windows are unredirected
     // If we don't destroy them here, looks like the resources are just
     // kept inaccessible somehow
@@ -2337,14 +2094,14 @@ _draw_callback(EV_P_ session_t *ps, int revents) {
     }
   }
 
-  ps->fade_running = false;
-  win *t = paint_preprocess(ps, ps->list);
+  bool fade_running = false;
+  win *t = paint_preprocess(ps, ps->list, &fade_running);
   ps->tmout_unredir_hit = false;
 
   // Start/stop fade timer depends on whether window are fading
-  if (!ps->fade_running && ev_is_active(&ps->fade_timer))
+  if (!fade_running && ev_is_active(&ps->fade_timer))
     ev_timer_stop(ps->loop, &ps->fade_timer);
-  else if (ps->fade_running && !ev_is_active(&ps->fade_timer)) {
+  else if (fade_running && !ev_is_active(&ps->fade_timer)) {
     ev_timer_set(&ps->fade_timer, fade_timeout(ps), 0);
     ev_timer_start(ps->loop, &ps->fade_timer);
   }
@@ -2359,7 +2116,7 @@ _draw_callback(EV_P_ session_t *ps, int revents) {
       exit(0);
   }
 
-  if (!ps->fade_running)
+  if (!fade_running)
     ps->fade_time = 0L;
 
   ps->redraw_needed = false;
@@ -2516,16 +2273,16 @@ session_init(int argc, char **argv, Display *dpy, const char *config_file,
       .respect_prop_shadow = false,
       .xinerama_shadow_crop = false,
 
-      .fade_in_step = 0.028 * OPAQUE,
-      .fade_out_step = 0.03 * OPAQUE,
+      .fade_in_step = 0.028,
+      .fade_out_step = 0.03,
       .fade_delta = 10,
       .no_fading_openclose = false,
       .no_fading_destroyed_argb = false,
       .fade_blacklist = NULL,
 
-      .inactive_opacity = OPAQUE,
+      .inactive_opacity = 1.0,
       .inactive_opacity_override = false,
-      .active_opacity = OPAQUE,
+      .active_opacity = 1.0,
       .frame_opacity = 1.0,
       .detect_client_opacity = false,
 
@@ -2552,7 +2309,6 @@ session_init(int argc, char **argv, Display *dpy, const char *config_file,
     .time_start = { 0, 0 },
     .redirected = false,
     .alpha_picts = NULL,
-    .fade_running = false,
     .fade_time = 0L,
     .ignore_head = NULL,
     .ignore_tail = NULL,
@@ -3167,20 +2923,16 @@ session_destroy(session_t *ps) {
  */
 static void
 session_run(session_t *ps) {
-  win *t;
-
   if (ps->o.sw_opti)
     ps->paint_tm_offset = get_time_timeval().tv_usec;
 
-  t = paint_preprocess(ps, ps->list);
-
-  if (ps->redirected)
-    paint_all(ps, t, true);
-
   // In benchmark mode, we want draw_idle handler to always be active
-  if (ps->o.benchmark)
+  if (ps->o.benchmark) {
     ev_idle_start(ps->loop, &ps->draw_idle);
-
+  } else {
+    // Let's draw our first frame!
+    queue_redraw(ps);
+  }
   ev_run(ps->loop, 0);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/compton.h b/src/compton.h
index 9bc6ccf..f55257a 100644
--- a/src/compton.h
+++ b/src/compton.h
@@ -148,14 +148,4 @@ dump_drawable(session_t *ps, xcb_drawable_t drawable) {
   free(r);
 }
 
-/**
- * Validate pixmap of a window, and destroy pixmap and picture if invalid.
- */
-static inline void
-win_validate_pixmap(session_t *ps, win *w) {
-  // Destroy pixmap and picture, if invalid
-  if (!x_validate_pixmap(ps->c, w->paint.pixmap))
-    free_paint(ps, &w->paint);
-}
-
 // vim: set et sw=2 :
diff --git a/src/config.h b/src/config.h
index 785d153..af9d220 100644
--- a/src/config.h
+++ b/src/config.h
@@ -167,9 +167,9 @@ typedef struct options_t {
 
 	// === Fading ===
 	/// How much to fade in in a single fading step.
-	opacity_t fade_in_step;
+	double fade_in_step;
 	/// How much to fade out in a single fading step.
-	opacity_t fade_out_step;
+	double fade_out_step;
 	/// Fading time delta. In milliseconds.
 	unsigned long fade_delta;
 	/// Whether to disable fading on window open/close.
@@ -181,11 +181,10 @@ typedef struct options_t {
 
 	// === Opacity ===
 	/// Default opacity for inactive windows.
-	/// 32-bit integer with the format of _NET_WM_OPACITY. 0 stands for
-	/// not enabled, default.
-	opacity_t inactive_opacity;
+	/// 32-bit integer with the format of _NET_WM_OPACITY.
+	double inactive_opacity;
 	/// Default opacity for inactive windows.
-	opacity_t active_opacity;
+	double active_opacity;
 	/// Whether inactive_opacity overrides the opacity set by window
 	/// attributes.
 	bool inactive_opacity_override;
diff --git a/src/config_libconfig.c b/src/config_libconfig.c
index a7d3413..eebce86 100644
--- a/src/config_libconfig.c
+++ b/src/config_libconfig.c
@@ -218,10 +218,10 @@ char *parse_config_libconfig(options_t *opt, const char *config_file, bool *shad
     opt->fade_delta = ival;
   // -I (fade_in_step)
   if (config_lookup_float(&cfg, "fade-in-step", &dval))
-    opt->fade_in_step = normalize_d(dval) * OPAQUE;
+    opt->fade_in_step = normalize_d(dval);
   // -O (fade_out_step)
   if (config_lookup_float(&cfg, "fade-out-step", &dval))
-    opt->fade_out_step = normalize_d(dval) * OPAQUE;
+    opt->fade_out_step = normalize_d(dval);
   // -r (shadow_radius)
   config_lookup_int(&cfg, "shadow-radius", &opt->shadow_radius);
   // -o (shadow_opacity)
@@ -232,10 +232,10 @@ char *parse_config_libconfig(options_t *opt, const char *config_file, bool *shad
   config_lookup_int(&cfg, "shadow-offset-y", &opt->shadow_offset_y);
   // -i (inactive_opacity)
   if (config_lookup_float(&cfg, "inactive-opacity", &dval))
-    opt->inactive_opacity = normalize_d(dval) * OPAQUE;
+    opt->inactive_opacity = normalize_d(dval);
   // --active_opacity
   if (config_lookup_float(&cfg, "active-opacity", &dval))
-    opt->active_opacity = normalize_d(dval) * OPAQUE;
+    opt->active_opacity = normalize_d(dval);
   // -e (frame_opacity)
   config_lookup_float(&cfg, "frame-opacity", &opt->frame_opacity);
   // -c (shadow_enable)
diff --git a/src/dbus.c b/src/dbus.c
index f5ea614..3cfd5d1 100644
--- a/src/dbus.c
+++ b/src/dbus.c
@@ -493,8 +493,9 @@ cdbus_apdarg_wids(session_t *ps, DBusMessage *msg, const void *data) {
   // Get the number of wids we are to include
   unsigned count = 0;
   for (win *w = ps->list; w; w = w->next) {
-    if (!w->destroying)
+    if (w->state != WSTATE_DESTROYING) {
       ++count;
+    }
   }
 
   if (!count) {
@@ -509,7 +510,7 @@ cdbus_apdarg_wids(session_t *ps, DBusMessage *msg, const void *data) {
   {
     cdbus_window_t *pcur = arr;
     for (win *w = ps->list; w; w = w->next) {
-      if (!w->destroying) {
+      if (w->state != WSTATE_DESTROYING) {
         *pcur = w->id;
         ++pcur;
         assert(pcur <= arr + count);
@@ -812,7 +813,6 @@ cdbus_process_win_get(session_t *ps, DBusMessage *msg) {
   cdbus_m_win_get_do(mode, cdbus_reply_enum);
   cdbus_m_win_get_do(client_win, cdbus_reply_wid);
   cdbus_m_win_get_do(ever_damaged, cdbus_reply_bool);
-  cdbus_m_win_get_do(destroying, cdbus_reply_bool);
   cdbus_m_win_get_do(window_type, cdbus_reply_enum);
   cdbus_m_win_get_do(wmwin, cdbus_reply_bool);
   cdbus_m_win_get_do(leader, cdbus_reply_wid);
@@ -856,7 +856,6 @@ cdbus_process_win_get(session_t *ps, DBusMessage *msg) {
   }
 
   cdbus_m_win_get_do(shadow, cdbus_reply_bool);
-  cdbus_m_win_get_do(fade, cdbus_reply_bool);
   cdbus_m_win_get_do(invert_color, cdbus_reply_bool);
   cdbus_m_win_get_do(blur_background, cdbus_reply_bool);
 #undef cdbus_m_win_get_do
@@ -1140,7 +1139,7 @@ cdbus_process_opts_set(session_t *ps, DBusMessage *msg) {
     double val = 0.0;
     if (!cdbus_msg_get_arg(msg, 1, DBUS_TYPE_DOUBLE, &val))
       return false;
-    ps->o.fade_in_step = normalize_d(val) * OPAQUE;
+    ps->o.fade_in_step = normalize_d(val);
     goto cdbus_process_opts_set_success;
   }
 
@@ -1149,7 +1148,7 @@ cdbus_process_opts_set(session_t *ps, DBusMessage *msg) {
     double val = 0.0;
     if (!cdbus_msg_get_arg(msg, 1, DBUS_TYPE_DOUBLE, &val))
       return false;
-    ps->o.fade_out_step = normalize_d(val) * OPAQUE;
+    ps->o.fade_out_step = normalize_d(val);
     goto cdbus_process_opts_set_success;
   }
 
diff --git a/src/options.c b/src/options.c
index 23dc8eb..ed83078 100644
--- a/src/options.c
+++ b/src/options.c
@@ -570,8 +570,8 @@ void get_cfg(options_t *opt, int argc, char *const *argv, bool shadow_enable,
 			// These options are handled by get_early_config()
 			break;
 		P_CASELONG('D', fade_delta);
-		case 'I': opt->fade_in_step = normalize_d(atof(optarg)) * OPAQUE; break;
-		case 'O': opt->fade_out_step = normalize_d(atof(optarg)) * OPAQUE; break;
+		case 'I': opt->fade_in_step = normalize_d(atof(optarg)); break;
+		case 'O': opt->fade_out_step = normalize_d(atof(optarg)); break;
 		case 'c': shadow_enable = true; break;
 		case 'C':
 			winopt_mask[WINTYPE_DOCK].shadow = true;
@@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ void get_cfg(options_t *opt, int argc, char *const *argv, bool shadow_enable,
 		P_CASELONG('l', shadow_offset_x);
 		P_CASELONG('t', shadow_offset_y);
 		case 'i':
-			opt->inactive_opacity = (normalize_d(atof(optarg)) * OPAQUE);
+			opt->inactive_opacity = normalize_d(atof(optarg));
 			break;
 		case 'e': opt->frame_opacity = atof(optarg); break;
 		case 'z':
@@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ void get_cfg(options_t *opt, int argc, char *const *argv, bool shadow_enable,
 			break;
 		case 297:
 			// --active-opacity
-			opt->active_opacity = (normalize_d(atof(optarg)) * OPAQUE);
+			opt->active_opacity = normalize_d(atof(optarg));
 			break;
 		P_CASEBOOL(298, glx_no_rebind_pixmap);
 		case 299:
diff --git a/src/render.c b/src/render.c
index cc65937..00c33e7 100644
--- a/src/render.c
+++ b/src/render.c
@@ -307,10 +307,8 @@ void paint_one(session_t *ps, win *w, const region_t *reg_paint) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	const double dopacity = get_opacity_percent(w);
-
 	if (w->frame_opacity == 1) {
-		paint_region(ps, w, 0, 0, wid, hei, dopacity, reg_paint, pict);
+		paint_region(ps, w, 0, 0, wid, hei, w->opacity, reg_paint, pict);
 	} else {
 		// Painting parameters
 		const margin_t extents = win_calc_frame_extents(w);
@@ -320,7 +318,7 @@ void paint_one(session_t *ps, win *w, const region_t *reg_paint) {
 		const int r = extents.right;
 
 #define COMP_BDR(cx, cy, cwid, chei)                                                     \
-	paint_region(ps, w, (cx), (cy), (cwid), (chei), w->frame_opacity *dopacity,      \
+	paint_region(ps, w, (cx), (cy), (cwid), (chei), w->frame_opacity * w->opacity,      \
 	             reg_paint, pict)
 
 		// Sanitize the margins, in case some broken WM makes
@@ -372,7 +370,7 @@ void paint_one(session_t *ps, win *w, const region_t *reg_paint) {
 
 			// body
 			paint_region(ps, w, cleft, ctop, body_width, body_height,
-			             dopacity, reg_paint, pict);
+			             w->opacity, reg_paint, pict);
 		} while (0);
 	}
 
@@ -385,7 +383,7 @@ void paint_one(session_t *ps, win *w, const region_t *reg_paint) {
 	if (w->dim) {
 		double dim_opacity = ps->o.inactive_dim;
 		if (!ps->o.inactive_dim_fixed)
-			dim_opacity *= get_opacity_percent(w);
+			dim_opacity *= w->opacity;
 
 		switch (ps->o.backend) {
 		case BKEND_XRENDER:
@@ -678,7 +676,7 @@ static inline void win_blur_background(session_t *ps, win *w, xcb_render_picture
 	// Adjust blur strength according to window opacity, to make it appear
 	// better during fading
 	if (!ps->o.blur_background_fixed) {
-		double pct = 1.0 - get_opacity_percent(w) * (1.0 - 1.0 / 9.0);
+		double pct = 1.0 - w->opacity * (1.0 - 1.0 / 9.0);
 		factor_center = pct * 8.0 / (1.1 - pct);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/types.h b/src/types.h
index f9bf14c..a879b80 100644
--- a/src/types.h
+++ b/src/types.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 /// Enumeration type to represent switches.
 typedef enum {
-  OFF,    // false
+  OFF = 0,    // false
   ON,     // true
   UNSET
 } switch_t;
diff --git a/src/win.c b/src/win.c
index 9d74bee..f0a9691 100644
--- a/src/win.c
+++ b/src/win.c
@@ -30,8 +30,15 @@
 #include "dbus.h"
 #endif
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_OPENGL
+// TODO remove this include
+#include "opengl.h"
+#endif
+
 #include "win.h"
 
+#define OPAQUE 0xffffffff
+
 /// Generate a "return by value" function, from a function that returns the
 /// region via a region_t pointer argument.
 /// Function signature has to be (win *, region_t *)
@@ -74,7 +81,7 @@ group_update_focused(session_t *ps, xcb_window_t leader) {
     return;
 
   for (win *w = ps->list; w; w = w->next) {
-    if (win_get_leader(ps, w) == leader && !w->destroying)
+    if (win_get_leader(ps, w) == leader && w->state != WSTATE_DESTROYING)
       win_update_focused(ps, w);
   }
 
@@ -93,7 +100,7 @@ group_is_focused(session_t *ps, xcb_window_t leader) {
     return false;
 
   for (win *w = ps->list; w; w = w->next) {
-    if (win_get_leader(ps, w) == leader && !w->destroying
+    if (win_get_leader(ps, w) == leader && w->state != WSTATE_DESTROYING
         && win_is_focused_real(ps, w))
       return true;
   }
@@ -292,14 +299,14 @@ bool wid_get_opacity_prop(session_t *ps, xcb_window_t wid, opacity_t def,
 }
 
 // XXX should distinguish between frame has alpha and window body has alpha
-bool win_has_alpha(win *w) {
+bool win_has_alpha(const win *w) {
   return w->pictfmt &&
     w->pictfmt->type == XCB_RENDER_PICT_TYPE_DIRECT &&
     w->pictfmt->direct.alpha_mask;
 }
 
 void win_determine_mode(session_t *ps, win *w) {
-  if (win_has_alpha(w) || w->opacity != OPAQUE) {
+  if (win_has_alpha(w) || w->opacity < 1.0) {
     w->mode = WMODE_TRANS;
   } else if (w->frame_opacity != 1.0) {
     w->mode = WMODE_FRAME_TRANS;
@@ -309,7 +316,7 @@ void win_determine_mode(session_t *ps, win *w) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Calculate and set the opacity of a window.
+ * Calculate and return the opacity target of a window.
  *
  * If window is inactive and inactive_opacity_override is set, the
  * priority is: (Simulates the old behavior)
@@ -325,78 +332,81 @@ void win_determine_mode(session_t *ps, win *w) {
  *
  * @param ps current session
  * @param w struct _win object representing the window
+ *
+ * @return target opacity
  */
-void win_calc_opacity(session_t *ps, win *w) {
-  opacity_t opacity = OPAQUE;
+double win_get_opacity_target(session_t *ps, const win *w) {
+  double opacity = 1;
 
-  if (w->destroying || w->a.map_state != XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE)
-    opacity = 0;
-  else {
-    // Try obeying opacity property and window type opacity firstly
-    if (w->has_opacity_prop)
-      opacity = w->opacity_prop;
-    else if (!safe_isnan(ps->o.wintype_option[w->window_type].opacity))
-      opacity = ps->o.wintype_option[w->window_type].opacity * OPAQUE;
-    else {
-      // Respect active_opacity only when the window is physically focused
-      if (win_is_focused_real(ps, w))
-        opacity = ps->o.active_opacity;
-      else if (false == w->focused)
-        // Respect inactive_opacity in some cases
-        opacity = ps->o.inactive_opacity;
-    }
-
-    // respect inactive override
-    if (ps->o.inactive_opacity_override && false == w->focused)
+  if (w->state == WSTATE_UNMAPPED) {
+    // be consistent
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (w->state == WSTATE_UNMAPPING || w->state == WSTATE_DESTROYING) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  // Try obeying opacity property and window type opacity firstly
+  if (w->has_opacity_prop) {
+    opacity = ((double)w->opacity_prop) / OPAQUE;
+  } else if (!safe_isnan(ps->o.wintype_option[w->window_type].opacity)) {
+    opacity = ps->o.wintype_option[w->window_type].opacity;
+  } else {
+    // Respect active_opacity only when the window is physically focused
+    if (win_is_focused_real(ps, w))
+      opacity = ps->o.active_opacity;
+    else if (!w->focused)
+      // Respect inactive_opacity in some cases
       opacity = ps->o.inactive_opacity;
   }
 
-  w->opacity_tgt = opacity;
+  // respect inactive override
+  if (ps->o.inactive_opacity_override && !w->focused)
+    opacity = ps->o.inactive_opacity;
+
+  return opacity;
 }
 
 /**
  * Determine whether a window is to be dimmed.
  */
-void win_calc_dim(session_t *ps, win *w) {
-  bool dim;
-
+bool win_should_dim(session_t *ps, const win *w) {
   // Make sure we do nothing if the window is unmapped / being destroyed
-  if (w->destroying || w->a.map_state != XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE)
-    return;
-
-  if (ps->o.inactive_dim && !(w->focused)) {
-    dim = true;
-  } else {
-    dim = false;
+  if (w->state == WSTATE_UNMAPPED) {
+    return false;
   }
 
-  if (dim != w->dim) {
-    w->dim = dim;
-    add_damage_from_win(ps, w);
+  if (ps->o.inactive_dim && !(w->focused)) {
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return false;
   }
 }
 
 /**
  * Determine if a window should fade on opacity change.
  */
-void win_determine_fade(session_t *ps, win *w) {
+bool win_should_fade(session_t *ps, const win *w) {
   // To prevent it from being overwritten by last-paint value if the window is
   // unmapped on next frame, write w->fade_last as well
-  if (UNSET != w->fade_force)
-    w->fade_last = w->fade = w->fade_force;
-  else if (ps->o.no_fading_openclose && w->in_openclose)
-    w->fade_last = w->fade = false;
-  else if (ps->o.no_fading_destroyed_argb && w->destroying &&
-           win_has_alpha(w) && w->client_win && w->client_win != w->id) {
-    w->fade_last = w->fade = false;
+  if (w->fade_force != UNSET) {
+    return w->fade_force;
+  }
+  if (ps->o.no_fading_openclose && w->in_openclose) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (ps->o.no_fading_destroyed_argb && w->state == WSTATE_DESTROYING &&
+      win_has_alpha(w) && w->client_win && w->client_win != w->id) {
+    // deprecated
+    return false;
   }
   // Ignore other possible causes of fading state changes after window
   // gets unmapped
-  else if (w->a.map_state != XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE) {
-  } else if (c2_match(ps, w, ps->o.fade_blacklist, &w->cache_fblst, NULL))
-    w->fade = false;
-  else
-    w->fade = ps->o.wintype_option[w->window_type].fade;
+  //if (w->a.map_state != XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE) {
+  //}
+  if (c2_match(ps, w, ps->o.fade_blacklist, NULL)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return ps->o.wintype_option[w->window_type].fade;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -467,7 +477,7 @@ void win_determine_shadow(session_t *ps, win *w) {
     shadow_new = w->shadow_force;
   else if (w->a.map_state == XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE)
     shadow_new = (ps->o.wintype_option[w->window_type].shadow &&
-                  !c2_match(ps, w, ps->o.shadow_blacklist, &w->cache_sblst, NULL) &&
+                  !c2_match(ps, w, ps->o.shadow_blacklist, NULL) &&
                   !(ps->o.shadow_ignore_shaped && w->bounding_shaped &&
                     !w->rounded_corners) &&
                   !(ps->o.respect_prop_shadow && 0 == w->prop_shadow));
@@ -494,7 +504,7 @@ void win_determine_invert_color(session_t *ps, win *w) {
     invert_color_new = w->invert_color_force;
   else if (w->a.map_state == XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE)
     invert_color_new =
-        c2_match(ps, w, ps->o.invert_color_list, &w->cache_ivclst, NULL);
+        c2_match(ps, w, ps->o.invert_color_list, NULL);
 
   win_set_invert_color(ps, w, invert_color_new);
 }
@@ -520,23 +530,26 @@ void win_determine_blur_background(session_t *ps, win *w) {
 
   bool blur_background_new =
       ps->o.blur_background &&
-      !c2_match(ps, w, ps->o.blur_background_blacklist, &w->cache_bbblst, NULL);
+      !c2_match(ps, w, ps->o.blur_background_blacklist, NULL);
 
   win_set_blur_background(ps, w, blur_background_new);
 }
 
 /**
  * Update window opacity according to opacity rules.
+ *
+ * TODO This override the window's opacity property, may not be
+ *      a good idea.
  */
 void win_update_opacity_rule(session_t *ps, win *w) {
   if (w->a.map_state != XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE)
     return;
 
-  opacity_t opacity = OPAQUE;
+  double opacity = 1.0;
   bool is_set = false;
   void *val = NULL;
-  if (c2_match(ps, w, ps->o.opacity_rules, &w->cache_oparule, &val)) {
-    opacity = ((double)(long)val) / 100.0 * OPAQUE;
+  if (c2_match(ps, w, ps->o.opacity_rules, &val)) {
+    opacity = ((double)(long)val) / 100.0;
     is_set = true;
   }
 
@@ -548,7 +561,7 @@ void win_update_opacity_rule(session_t *ps, win *w) {
   if (!is_set)
     wid_rm_opacity_prop(ps, w->id);
   else
-    wid_set_opacity_prop(ps, w->id, opacity);
+    wid_set_opacity_prop(ps, w->id, opacity * OPAQUE);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -556,7 +569,6 @@ void win_update_opacity_rule(session_t *ps, win *w) {
  */
 void win_on_wtype_change(session_t *ps, win *w) {
   win_determine_shadow(ps, w);
-  win_determine_fade(ps, w);
   win_update_focused(ps, w);
   if (ps->o.invert_color_list)
     win_determine_invert_color(ps, w);
@@ -566,12 +578,12 @@ void win_on_wtype_change(session_t *ps, win *w) {
 
 /**
  * Function to be called on window data changes.
+ *
+ * TODO need better name
  */
 void win_on_factor_change(session_t *ps, win *w) {
   if (ps->o.shadow_blacklist)
     win_determine_shadow(ps, w);
-  if (ps->o.fade_blacklist)
-    win_determine_fade(ps, w);
   if (ps->o.invert_color_list)
     win_determine_invert_color(ps, w);
   if (ps->o.focus_blacklist)
@@ -582,10 +594,10 @@ void win_on_factor_change(session_t *ps, win *w) {
     win_update_opacity_rule(ps, w);
   if (w->a.map_state == XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE && ps->o.paint_blacklist)
     w->paint_excluded =
-        c2_match(ps, w, ps->o.paint_blacklist, &w->cache_pblst, NULL);
+        c2_match(ps, w, ps->o.paint_blacklist, NULL);
   if (w->a.map_state == XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE && ps->o.unredir_if_possible_blacklist)
     w->unredir_if_possible_excluded = c2_match(
-        ps, w, ps->o.unredir_if_possible_blacklist, &w->cache_uipblst, NULL);
+        ps, w, ps->o.unredir_if_possible_blacklist, NULL);
   w->reg_ignore_valid = false;
 }
 
@@ -733,6 +745,31 @@ void win_recheck_client(session_t *ps, win *w) {
   win_mark_client(ps, w, cw);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Free all resources in a <code>struct _win</code>.
+ */
+void free_win_res(session_t *ps, win *w) {
+  // No need to call backend release_win here because
+  // finish_unmap_win should've done that for us.
+  // XXX unless we are called by session_destroy
+  // assert(w->win_data == NULL);
+  free_win_res_glx(ps, w);
+  free_paint(ps, &w->paint);
+  free_paint(ps, &w->shadow_paint);
+  // Above should be done during unmapping
+  // Except when we are called by session_destroy
+
+  pixman_region32_fini(&w->bounding_shape);
+  // BadDamage may be thrown if the window is destroyed
+  set_ignore_cookie(ps,
+      xcb_damage_destroy(ps->c, w->damage));
+  rc_region_unref(&w->reg_ignore);
+  free(w->name);
+  free(w->class_instance);
+  free(w->class_general);
+  free(w->role);
+}
+
 // TODO: probably split into win_new (in win.c) and add_win (in compton.c)
 bool add_win(session_t *ps, xcb_window_t id, xcb_window_t prev) {
   static const win win_def = {
@@ -759,11 +796,14 @@ bool add_win(session_t *ps, xcb_window_t id, xcb_window_t prev) {
 
       .widthb = 0,
       .heightb = 0,
-      .destroying = false,
+      .state = WSTATE_UNMAPPED,
       .bounding_shaped = false,
       .rounded_corners = false,
       .to_paint = false,
-      .in_openclose = false,
+
+      // true when the window is first created.
+      // set to false after the first map is done
+      .in_openclose = true,
 
       .client_win = XCB_NONE,
       .window_type = WINTYPE_UNKNOWN,
@@ -778,23 +818,15 @@ bool add_win(session_t *ps, xcb_window_t id, xcb_window_t prev) {
       .class_instance = NULL,
       .class_general = NULL,
       .role = NULL,
-      .cache_sblst = NULL,
-      .cache_fblst = NULL,
-      .cache_fcblst = NULL,
-      .cache_ivclst = NULL,
-      .cache_bbblst = NULL,
-      .cache_oparule = NULL,
 
       .opacity = 0,
       .opacity_tgt = 0,
       .has_opacity_prop = false,
       .opacity_prop = OPAQUE,
       .opacity_is_set = false,
-      .opacity_set = OPAQUE,
+      .opacity_set = 1,
 
-      .fade = false,
       .fade_force = UNSET,
-      .fade_callback = NULL,
 
       .frame_opacity = 1.0,
       .frame_extents = MARGIN_INIT,
@@ -834,7 +866,7 @@ bool add_win(session_t *ps, xcb_window_t id, xcb_window_t prev) {
   win **p = NULL;
   if (prev) {
     for (p = &ps->list; *p; p = &(*p)->next) {
-      if ((*p)->id == prev && !(*p)->destroying)
+      if ((*p)->id == prev && (*p)->state != WSTATE_DESTROYING)
         break;
     }
   } else {
@@ -874,7 +906,7 @@ bool add_win(session_t *ps, xcb_window_t id, xcb_window_t prev) {
   assert(map_state == XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE || map_state == XCB_MAP_STATE_UNMAPPED);
   new->a.map_state = XCB_MAP_STATE_UNMAPPED;
 
-  if (InputOutput == new->a._class) {
+  if (new->a._class == XCB_WINDOW_CLASS_INPUT_OUTPUT) {
     // Create Damage for window
     new->damage = xcb_generate_id(ps->c);
     xcb_generic_error_t *e = xcb_request_check(ps->c,
@@ -924,7 +956,7 @@ void win_update_focused(session_t *ps, win *w) {
         || (ps->o.mark_ovredir_focused &&
             w->id == w->client_win && !w->wmwin)
         || (w->a.map_state == XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE &&
-            c2_match(ps, w, ps->o.focus_blacklist, &w->cache_fcblst, NULL)))
+            c2_match(ps, w, ps->o.focus_blacklist, NULL)))
       w->focused = true;
 
     // If window grouping detection is enabled, mark the window active if
@@ -938,7 +970,8 @@ void win_update_focused(session_t *ps, win *w) {
   // Always recalculate the window target opacity, since some opacity-related
   // options depend on the output value of win_is_focused_real() instead of
   // w->focused
-  w->flags |= WFLAG_OPCT_CHANGE;
+  w->opacity_tgt = win_get_opacity_target(ps, w);
+  w->state = WSTATE_FADING;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1288,24 +1321,120 @@ void win_ev_stop(session_t *ps, win *w) {
   }
 }
 
-/**
- * Set fade callback of a window, and possibly execute the previous
- * callback.
- *
- * If a callback can cause rendering result to change, it should call
- * `queue_redraw`.
- *
- * @param exec_callback whether the previous callback is to be executed
- */
-void win_set_fade_callback(session_t *ps, win **_w,
-    void (*callback) (session_t *ps, win **w), bool exec_callback) {
+static void
+finish_unmap_win(session_t *ps, win **_w) {
   win *w = *_w;
-  void (*old_callback) (session_t *ps, win **w) = w->fade_callback;
+  w->ever_damaged = false;
+  w->reg_ignore_valid = false;
+  w->state = WSTATE_UNMAPPED;
+  w->flags = 0;
 
-  w->fade_callback = callback;
-  // Must be the last line as the callback could destroy w!
-  if (exec_callback && old_callback)
-    old_callback(ps, _w);
+  free_paint(ps, &w->paint);
+  free_paint(ps, &w->shadow_paint);
+}
+
+static void
+finish_destroy_win(session_t *ps, win **_w) {
+  win *w = *_w;
+  win **prev = NULL;
+
+  // Window can't go from UNMAPPED to DESTROYING, and
+  // UNMAPPED is the only state where the window resource
+  // is freed. That means the window resources have not
+  // been freed at this point. call finish_unmap_win to
+  // free them.
+  finish_unmap_win(ps, _w);
+
+  log_trace("Trying to destroy (%#010x)", w->id);
+  for (prev = &ps->list; *prev; prev = &(*prev)->next) {
+    if (w == *prev) {
+      log_trace("Found (%#010x \"%s\")", w->id, w->name);
+      *prev = w->next;
+
+      if (w == ps->active_win) {
+        ps->active_win = NULL;
+      }
+
+      free_win_res(ps, w);
+
+      // Drop w from all prev_trans to avoid accessing freed memory in
+      // repair_win()
+      // TODO there can only be one prev_trans pointing to w
+      for (win *w2 = ps->list; w2; w2 = w2->next) {
+        if (w == w2->prev_trans) {
+          w2->prev_trans = NULL;
+        }
+      }
+      free(w);
+      *_w = NULL;
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  log_warn("Destroyed window is not in window list");
+  assert(false);
+}
+
+static void
+finish_map_win(session_t *ps, win **_w) {
+  win *w = *_w;
+  w->in_openclose = false;
+  w->state = WSTATE_MAPPED;
+}
+
+void
+unmap_win(session_t *ps, win **_w, bool destroy) {
+  win *w = *_w;
+
+  log_trace("Unmapping %#010x \"%s\", destroy = %d", w->id, (w ? w->name: NULL), destroy);
+  winstate_t target_state = destroy ? WSTATE_DESTROYING : WSTATE_UNMAPPING;
+
+  if (unlikely(!w)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (unlikely(w->state == WSTATE_DESTROYING && !destroy)) {
+    log_warn("Trying to undestroy a window?");
+    assert(false);
+  }
+
+  // If the window is already in the state we want
+  if (unlikely(w->state == target_state)) {
+    log_warn("%s a window twice", destroy ? "Destroying" : "Unmapping");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (unlikely(w->state == WSTATE_UNMAPPED)) {
+    if (unlikely(!destroy)) {
+      log_warn("Unmapping an already unmapped window twice");
+      return;
+    }
+    // Window is already unmapped, just destroy it
+    finish_destroy_win(ps, _w);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Set focus out
+  win_set_focused(ps, w, false);
+
+  w->a.map_state = XCB_MAP_STATE_UNMAPPED;
+  w->state = target_state;
+  w->opacity_tgt = win_get_opacity_target(ps, w);
+
+  w->in_openclose = destroy;
+
+  // don't care about properties anymore
+  win_ev_stop(ps, w);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_DBUS
+  // Send D-Bus signal
+  if (ps->o.dbus) {
+    if (destroy) {
+      cdbus_ev_win_destroyed(ps, w);
+    } else {
+      cdbus_ev_win_unmapped(ps, w);
+    }
+  }
+#endif
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1314,8 +1443,161 @@ void win_set_fade_callback(session_t *ps, win **_w,
 void
 win_check_fade_finished(session_t *ps, win **_w) {
   win *w = *_w;
-  if (w->fade_callback && w->opacity == w->opacity_tgt) {
-    // Must be the last line as the callback could destroy w!
-    win_set_fade_callback(ps, _w, NULL, true);
+  if (w->state == WSTATE_MAPPED || w->state == WSTATE_UNMAPPED) {
+    // No fading in progress
+    assert(w->opacity_tgt == w->opacity);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (w->opacity == w->opacity_tgt) {
+    switch (w->state) {
+    case WSTATE_UNMAPPING: return finish_unmap_win(ps, _w);
+    case WSTATE_DESTROYING: return finish_destroy_win(ps, _w);
+    case WSTATE_MAPPING: return finish_map_win(ps, _w);
+    case WSTATE_FADING: w->state = WSTATE_MAPPED; break;
+    default: unreachable;
+    }
   }
 }
+
+/**
+ * Get the Xinerama screen a window is on.
+ *
+ * Return an index >= 0, or -1 if not found.
+ *
+ * XXX move to x.c
+ */
+void win_update_screen(session_t *ps, win *w) {
+#ifdef CONFIG_XINERAMA
+  w->xinerama_scr = -1;
+
+  if (!ps->xinerama_scrs)
+    return;
+
+  xcb_xinerama_screen_info_t *scrs = xcb_xinerama_query_screens_screen_info(ps->xinerama_scrs);
+  int length = xcb_xinerama_query_screens_screen_info_length(ps->xinerama_scrs);
+  for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+    xcb_xinerama_screen_info_t *s = &scrs[i];
+    if (s->x_org <= w->g.x && s->y_org <= w->g.y
+        && s->x_org + s->width >= w->g.x + w->widthb
+        && s->y_org + s->height >= w->g.y + w->heightb) {
+      w->xinerama_scr = i;
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+// TODO remove this
+void configure_win(session_t *, xcb_configure_notify_event_t *);
+
+/// Map an already registered window
+void
+map_win(session_t *ps, xcb_window_t id) {
+  // Unmap overlay window if it got mapped but we are currently not
+  // in redirected state.
+  if (ps->overlay && id == ps->overlay && !ps->redirected) {
+    log_debug("Overlay is mapped while we are not redirected");
+    auto e = xcb_request_check(ps->c, xcb_unmap_window(ps->c, ps->overlay));
+    if (e) {
+      log_error("Failed to unmap the overlay window");
+      free(e);
+    }
+    // We don't track the overlay window, so we can return
+    return;
+  }
+
+  win *w = find_win(ps, id);
+  log_debug("Mapping (%#010x \"%s\")", id, (w ? w->name: NULL));
+
+  // Don't care about window mapping if it's an InputOnly window
+  // Also, try avoiding mapping a window twice
+  // TODO don't even add the input only windows
+  if (!w || w->a._class == XCB_WINDOW_CLASS_INPUT_ONLY) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (w->state != WSTATE_UNMAPPED && w->state != WSTATE_UNMAPPING) {
+    log_warn("Mapping an already mapped window");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // XXX ???
+  assert(!win_is_focused_real(ps, w));
+
+  // XXX Can we assume map_state is always viewable?
+  w->a.map_state = XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE;
+
+  win_update_screen(ps, w);
+
+  // Set window event mask before reading properties so that no property
+  // changes are lost
+  xcb_change_window_attributes(ps->c, id, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK,
+      (const uint32_t[]) { determine_evmask(ps, id, WIN_EVMODE_FRAME) });
+
+  // Notify compton when the shape of a window changes
+  if (ps->shape_exists) {
+    xcb_shape_select_input(ps->c, id, 1);
+  }
+
+  // Update window mode here to check for ARGB windows
+  win_determine_mode(ps, w);
+
+  // Detect client window here instead of in add_win() as the client
+  // window should have been prepared at this point
+  if (!w->client_win) {
+    win_recheck_client(ps, w);
+  } else {
+    // Re-mark client window here
+    win_mark_client(ps, w, w->client_win);
+  }
+  assert(w->client_win);
+
+  log_debug("Window (%#010x) has type %s", w->id, WINTYPES[w->window_type]);
+
+  // Update window focus state
+  win_update_focused(ps, w);
+
+  // Update opacity and dim state
+  win_update_opacity_prop(ps, w);
+
+  // Check for _COMPTON_SHADOW
+  if (ps->o.respect_prop_shadow) {
+    win_update_prop_shadow_raw(ps, w);
+  }
+
+  // Many things above could affect shadow
+  win_determine_shadow(ps, w);
+
+  // XXX We need to make sure that win_data is available
+  // iff `state` is MAPPED
+  w->state = WSTATE_MAPPING;
+  w->opacity_tgt = win_get_opacity_target(ps, w);
+  log_debug("Window %#010x has opacity %f, opacity target is %f", w->id, w->opacity, w->opacity_tgt);
+
+  win_determine_blur_background(ps, w);
+
+  w->ever_damaged = false;
+
+  /* if any configure events happened while
+     the window was unmapped, then configure
+     the window to its correct place */
+  if (w->need_configure) {
+    configure_win(ps, &w->queue_configure);
+  }
+
+  // We stopped listening on ShapeNotify events
+  // when the window is unmapped (XXX we shouldn't),
+  // so the shape of the window might have changed,
+  // update. (Issue #35)
+  win_update_bounding_shape(ps, w);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_DBUS
+  // Send D-Bus signal
+  if (ps->o.dbus) {
+    cdbus_ev_win_mapped(ps, w);
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+
+// vim: set et sw=2 :
diff --git a/src/win.h b/src/win.h
index 4ed2491..70c5de5 100644
--- a/src/win.h
+++ b/src/win.h
@@ -64,6 +64,46 @@ typedef enum {
   WMODE_SOLID, // The window is opaque including the frame
 } winmode_t;
 
+/// Transition table:
+/// (DESTROYED is when the win struct is destroyed and freed)
+/// ('o' means in all other cases)
+/// (Window is created in the UNMAPPED state)
+/// +-------------+---------+----------+-------+-------+--------+--------+---------+
+/// |             |UNMAPPING|DESTROYING|MAPPING|FADING |UNMAPPED| MAPPED |DESTROYED|
+/// +-------------+---------+----------+-------+-------+--------+--------+---------+
+/// |  UNMAPPING  |    o    |  Window  |Window |  -    | Fading |  -     |    -    |
+/// |             |         |destroyed |mapped |       |finished|        |         |
+/// +-------------+---------+----------+-------+-------+--------+--------+---------+
+/// |  DESTROYING |    -    |    o     |   -   |  -    |   -    |  -     | Fading  |
+/// |             |         |          |       |       |        |        |finished |
+/// +-------------+---------+----------+-------+-------+--------+--------+---------+
+/// |   MAPPING   | Window  |  Window  |   o   |  -    |   -    | Fading |    -    |
+/// |             |unmapped |destroyed |       |       |        |finished|         |
+/// +-------------+---------+----------+-------+-------+--------+--------+---------+
+/// |    FADING   | Window  |  Window  |   -   |  o    |   -    | Fading |    -    |
+/// |             |unmapped |destroyed |       |       |        |finished|         |
+/// +-------------+---------+----------+-------+-------+--------+--------+---------+
+/// |   UNMAPPED  |    -    |    -     |Window |  -    |   o    |   -    | Window  |
+/// |             |         |          |mapped |       |        |        |destroyed|
+/// +-------------+---------+----------+-------+-------+--------+--------+---------+
+/// |    MAPPED   | Window  |  Window  |   -   |Opacity|   -    |   o    |    -    |
+/// |             |unmapped |destroyed |       |change |        |        |         |
+/// +-------------+---------+----------+-------+-------+--------+--------+---------+
+typedef enum {
+  // The window is being faded out because it's unmapped.
+  WSTATE_UNMAPPING,
+  // The window is being faded out because it's destroyed,
+  WSTATE_DESTROYING,
+  // The window is being faded in
+  WSTATE_MAPPING,
+  // Window opacity is not at the target level
+  WSTATE_FADING,
+  // The window is mapped, no fading is in progress.
+  WSTATE_MAPPED,
+  // The window is unmapped, no fading is in progress.
+  WSTATE_UNMAPPED,
+} winstate_t;
+
 /**
  * About coordinate systems
  *
@@ -88,6 +128,9 @@ struct win {
   // Core members
   /// ID of the top-level frame window.
   xcb_window_t id;
+  /// The "mapped state" of this window, doesn't necessary
+  /// match X mapped state, because of fading.
+  winstate_t state;
   /// Window attributes.
   xcb_get_window_attributes_reply_t a;
   xcb_get_geometry_reply_t g;
@@ -175,20 +218,12 @@ struct win {
   char *class_general;
   /// <code>WM_WINDOW_ROLE</code> value of the window.
   char *role;
-  const c2_lptr_t *cache_sblst;
-  const c2_lptr_t *cache_fblst;
-  const c2_lptr_t *cache_fcblst;
-  const c2_lptr_t *cache_ivclst;
-  const c2_lptr_t *cache_bbblst;
-  const c2_lptr_t *cache_oparule;
-  const c2_lptr_t *cache_pblst;
-  const c2_lptr_t *cache_uipblst;
 
   // Opacity-related members
   /// Current window opacity.
-  opacity_t opacity;
+  double opacity;
   /// Target window opacity.
-  opacity_t opacity_tgt;
+  double opacity_tgt;
   /// true if window (or client window, for broken window managers
   /// not transferring client window's _NET_WM_OPACITY value) has opacity prop
   bool has_opacity_prop;
@@ -197,18 +232,11 @@ struct win {
   /// true if opacity is set by some rules
   bool opacity_is_set;
   /// Last window opacity value we set.
-  opacity_t opacity_set;
+  double opacity_set;
 
   // Fading-related members
-  /// Do not fade if it's false. Change on window type change.
-  /// Used by fading blacklist in the future.
-  bool fade;
-  /// Fade state on last paint.
-  bool fade_last;
   /// Override value of window fade state. Set by D-Bus method calls.
   switch_t fade_force;
-  /// Callback to be called after fading completed.
-  void (*fade_callback) (session_t *ps, win **w);
 
   // Frame-opacity-related members
   /// Current window frame opacity. Affected by window opacity.
@@ -269,7 +297,7 @@ void win_determine_mode(session_t *ps, win *w);
  * Set real focused state of a window.
  */
 void win_set_focused(session_t *ps, win *w, bool focused);
-void win_determine_fade(session_t *ps, win *w);
+bool attr_const win_should_fade(session_t *ps, const win *w);
 void win_update_prop_shadow_raw(session_t *ps, win *w);
 void win_update_prop_shadow(session_t *ps, win *w);
 void win_set_shadow(session_t *ps, win *w, bool shadow_new);
@@ -288,8 +316,11 @@ void win_unmark_client(session_t *ps, win *w);
 void win_recheck_client(session_t *ps, win *w);
 xcb_window_t win_get_leader_raw(session_t *ps, win *w, int recursions);
 bool win_get_class(session_t *ps, win *w);
-void win_calc_opacity(session_t *ps, win *w);
-void win_calc_dim(session_t *ps, win *w);
+double attr_const win_get_opacity_target(session_t *ps, const win *w);
+bool attr_const win_should_dim(session_t *ps, const win *w);
+void win_update_screen(session_t *, win *);
+/// Prepare window for fading because opacity target changed
+void win_start_fade(session_t *, win **);
 /**
  * Reread opacity property of a window.
  */
@@ -336,18 +367,8 @@ region_t win_get_region_noframe_local_by_val(win *w);
 void
 win_update_frame_extents(session_t *ps, win *w, xcb_window_t client);
 bool add_win(session_t *ps, xcb_window_t id, xcb_window_t prev);
-
-/**
- * Set fade callback of a window, and possibly execute the previous
- * callback.
- *
- * If a callback can cause rendering result to change, it should call
- * `queue_redraw`.
- *
- * @param exec_callback whether the previous callback is to be executed
- */
-void win_set_fade_callback(session_t *ps, win **_w,
-    void (*callback) (session_t *ps, win **w), bool exec_callback);
+/// Unmap or destroy a window
+void unmap_win(session_t *ps, win **, bool destroy);
 
 /**
  * Execute fade callback of a window if fading finished.
@@ -369,11 +390,14 @@ win_get_leader(session_t *ps, win *w) {
 }
 
 /// check if window has ARGB visual
-bool win_has_alpha(win *w);
+bool attr_const win_has_alpha(const win *w);
 
 /// check if reg_ignore_valid is true for all windows above us
 bool win_is_region_ignore_valid(session_t *ps, win *w);
 
+/// Free all resources in a struct win
+void free_win_res(session_t *ps, win *w);
+
 static inline region_t
 win_get_bounding_shape_global_by_val(win *w) {
   region_t ret;