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MIT/X Consortium License
© 2006-2019 Anselm R Garbe <anselm@garbe.ca>
© 2006-2009 Jukka Salmi <jukka at salmi dot ch>
© 2006-2007 Sander van Dijk <a dot h dot vandijk at gmail dot com>
© 2007-2011 Peter Hartlich <sgkkr at hartlich dot com>
© 2007-2009 Szabolcs Nagy <nszabolcs at gmail dot com>
© 2007-2009 Christof Musik <christof at sendfax dot de>
© 2007-2009 Premysl Hruby <dfenze at gmail dot com>
© 2007-2008 Enno Gottox Boland <gottox at s01 dot de>
© 2008 Martin Hurton <martin dot hurton at gmail dot com>
© 2008 Neale Pickett <neale dot woozle dot org>
© 2009 Mate Nagy <mnagy at port70 dot net>
© 2010-2016 Hiltjo Posthuma <hiltjo@codemadness.org>
© 2010-2012 Connor Lane Smith <cls@lubutu.com>
© 2011 Christoph Lohmann <20h@r-36.net>
© 2015-2016 Quentin Rameau <quinq@fifth.space>
© 2015-2016 Eric Pruitt <eric.pruitt@gmail.com>
© 2016-2017 Markus Teich <markus.teich@stusta.mhn.de>
© 2020-2022 Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

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# dwm - dynamic window manager
# See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
include config.mk
SRC = drw.c dwm.c util.c
OBJ = ${SRC:.c=.o}
all: options dwm
options:
@echo dwm build options:
@echo "CFLAGS = ${CFLAGS}"
@echo "LDFLAGS = ${LDFLAGS}"
@echo "CC = ${CC}"
.c.o:
${CC} -c ${CFLAGS} $<
${OBJ}: config.h config.mk
config.h:
cp config.def.h $@
dwm: ${OBJ}
${CC} -o $@ ${OBJ} ${LDFLAGS}
clean:
rm -f dwm ${OBJ} dwm-${VERSION}.tar.gz
dist: clean
mkdir -p dwm-${VERSION}
cp -R LICENSE Makefile README config.def.h config.mk\
dwm.1 drw.h util.h ${SRC} dwm.png transient.c dwm-${VERSION}
tar -cf dwm-${VERSION}.tar dwm-${VERSION}
gzip dwm-${VERSION}.tar
rm -rf dwm-${VERSION}
install: all
mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}${PREFIX}/bin
cp -f dwm ${DESTDIR}${PREFIX}/bin
chmod 755 ${DESTDIR}${PREFIX}/bin/dwm
mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}${MANPREFIX}/man1
sed "s/VERSION/${VERSION}/g" < dwm.1 > ${DESTDIR}${MANPREFIX}/man1/dwm.1
chmod 644 ${DESTDIR}${MANPREFIX}/man1/dwm.1
uninstall:
rm -f ${DESTDIR}${PREFIX}/bin/dwm\
${DESTDIR}${MANPREFIX}/man1/dwm.1
.PHONY: all options clean dist install uninstall

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dwm - dynamic window manager
============================
dwm is an extremely fast, small, and dynamic window manager for X.
Requirements
------------
In order to build dwm you need the Xlib header files.
Installation
------------
Edit config.mk to match your local setup (dwm is installed into
the /usr/local namespace by default).
Afterwards enter the following command to build and install dwm (if
necessary as root):
make clean install
Running dwm
-----------
Add the following line to your .xinitrc to start dwm using startx:
exec dwm
In order to connect dwm to a specific display, make sure that
the DISPLAY environment variable is set correctly, e.g.:
DISPLAY=foo.bar:1 exec dwm
(This will start dwm on display :1 of the host foo.bar.)
In order to display status info in the bar, you can do something
like this in your .xinitrc:
while xsetroot -name "`date` `uptime | sed 's/.*,//'`"
do
sleep 1
done &
exec dwm
Configuration
-------------
The configuration of dwm is done by creating a custom config.h
and (re)compiling the source code.

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/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details. */
/* appearance */
#define FONT "JetBrainsMono Nerd Font Mono"
static const unsigned int borderpx = 2; /* border pixel of windows */
static const unsigned int gappx = 10;
static const unsigned int snap = 32; /* snap pixel */
static const int showbar = 1; /* 0 means no bar */
static const int topbar = 1; /* 0 means bottom bar */
static const int horizpadbar = 5;
static const int vertpadbar = 5;
static const char *fonts[] = { FONT":size=10" };
static const char dmenufont[] = FONT":size=10";
static const char col_gray1[] = "#222222";
static const char col_gray2[] = "#444444";
static const char col_gray3[] = "#bbbbbb";
static const char col_gray4[] = "#eeeeee";
static const char col_cyan[] = "#005577";
static const char *colors[][3] = {
/* fg bg border */
[SchemeNorm] = { col_gray3, col_gray1, col_gray2 },
[SchemeSel] = { col_gray4, col_cyan, col_cyan },
};
/* tagging */
static const char *tags[] = { "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9" };
static const Rule rules[] = {
/* xprop(1):
* WM_CLASS(STRING) = instance, class
* WM_NAME(STRING) = title
*/
/* class instance title tags mask isfloating monitor */
{ "Gimp", NULL, NULL, 0, 1, -1 },
{ "Firefox", NULL, NULL, 1 << 8, 0, -1 },
};
/* layout(s) */
static const float mfact = 0.55; /* factor of master area size [0.05..0.95] */
static const int nmaster = 1; /* number of clients in master area */
static const int resizehints = 1; /* 1 means respect size hints in tiled resizals */
static const int lockfullscreen = 1; /* 1 will force focus on the fullscreen window */
static const Layout layouts[] = {
/* symbol arrange function */
{ "[]=", tile }, /* first entry is default */
{ "><>", NULL }, /* no layout function means floating behavior */
{ "[M]", monocle },
};
/* key definitions */
#define MODKEY Mod1Mask
#define TAGKEYS(KEY,TAG) \
{ MODKEY, KEY, view, {.ui = 1 << TAG} }, \
{ MODKEY|ControlMask, KEY, toggleview, {.ui = 1 << TAG} }, \
{ MODKEY|ShiftMask, KEY, tag, {.ui = 1 << TAG} }, \
{ MODKEY|ControlMask|ShiftMask, KEY, toggletag, {.ui = 1 << TAG} },
/* helper for spawning shell commands in the pre dwm-5.0 fashion */
#define SHCMD(cmd) { .v = (const char*[]){ "/bin/sh", "-c", cmd, NULL } }
/* commands */
static char dmenumon[2] = "0"; /* component of dmenucmd, manipulated in spawn() */
static const char *dmenucmd[] = { "dmenu_run", "-m", dmenumon, "-fn", dmenufont, "-nb", col_gray1, "-nf", col_gray3, "-sb", col_cyan, "-sf", col_gray4, NULL };
static const char *termcmd[] = { "st", NULL };
static Key keys[] = {
/* modifier key function argument */
{ MODKEY, XK_p, spawn, {.v = dmenucmd } },
{ MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_Return, spawn, {.v = termcmd } },
{ MODKEY, XK_b, togglebar, {0} },
{ MODKEY, XK_j, focusstack, {.i = +1 } },
{ MODKEY, XK_k, focusstack, {.i = -1 } },
{ MODKEY, XK_i, incnmaster, {.i = +1 } },
{ MODKEY, XK_d, incnmaster, {.i = -1 } },
{ MODKEY, XK_h, setmfact, {.f = -0.05} },
{ MODKEY, XK_l, setmfact, {.f = +0.05} },
{ MODKEY, XK_Return, zoom, {0} },
{ MODKEY, XK_Tab, view, {0} },
{ MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_c, killclient, {0} },
{ MODKEY, XK_t, setlayout, {.v = &layouts[0]} },
{ MODKEY, XK_f, setlayout, {.v = &layouts[1]} },
{ MODKEY, XK_m, setlayout, {.v = &layouts[2]} },
{ MODKEY, XK_space, setlayout, {0} },
{ MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_space, togglefloating, {0} },
{ MODKEY, XK_0, view, {.ui = ~0 } },
{ MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_0, tag, {.ui = ~0 } },
{ MODKEY, XK_comma, focusmon, {.i = -1 } },
{ MODKEY, XK_period, focusmon, {.i = +1 } },
{ MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_comma, tagmon, {.i = -1 } },
{ MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_period, tagmon, {.i = +1 } },
TAGKEYS( XK_1, 0)
TAGKEYS( XK_2, 1)
TAGKEYS( XK_3, 2)
TAGKEYS( XK_4, 3)
TAGKEYS( XK_5, 4)
TAGKEYS( XK_6, 5)
TAGKEYS( XK_7, 6)
TAGKEYS( XK_8, 7)
TAGKEYS( XK_9, 8)
{ MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_q, quit, {0} },
};
/* button definitions */
/* click can be ClkTagBar, ClkLtSymbol, ClkStatusText, ClkWinTitle, ClkClientWin, or ClkRootWin */
static Button buttons[] = {
/* click event mask button function argument */
{ ClkLtSymbol, 0, Button1, setlayout, {0} },
{ ClkLtSymbol, 0, Button3, setlayout, {.v = &layouts[2]} },
{ ClkWinTitle, 0, Button2, zoom, {0} },
{ ClkStatusText, 0, Button2, spawn, {.v = termcmd } },
{ ClkClientWin, MODKEY, Button1, movemouse, {0} },
{ ClkClientWin, MODKEY, Button2, togglefloating, {0} },
{ ClkClientWin, MODKEY, Button3, resizemouse, {0} },
{ ClkTagBar, 0, Button1, view, {0} },
{ ClkTagBar, 0, Button3, toggleview, {0} },
{ ClkTagBar, MODKEY, Button1, tag, {0} },
{ ClkTagBar, MODKEY, Button3, toggletag, {0} },
};

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/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details. */
/* appearance */
#define FONT "JetBrainsMono Nerd Font Mono"
static const unsigned int borderpx = 2; /* border pixel of windows */
static const unsigned int gappx = 10; /* border pixel of windows */
static const unsigned int snap = 32; /* snap pixel */
static const int showbar = 1; /* 0 means no bar */
static const int topbar = 1; /* 0 means bottom bar */
static const int horizpadbar = 10; /* 0 means bottom bar */
static const int vertpadbar = 10; /* 0 means bottom bar */
static const char *fonts[] = { FONT":size=10" };
static const char dmenufont[] = FONT":size=10";
static const char col_gray1[] = "#222222";
static const char col_gray2[] = "#444444";
static const char col_gray3[] = "#bbbbbb";
static const char col_gray4[] = "#eeeeee";
static const char col_cyan[] = "#005577";
static const char *colors[][3] = {
/* fg bg border */
[SchemeNorm] = { col_gray3, col_gray1, col_gray2 },
[SchemeSel] = { col_gray4, col_cyan, col_cyan },
};
/* tagging */
static const char *tags[] = { "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9" };
static const Rule rules[] = {
/* xprop(1):
* WM_CLASS(STRING) = instance, class
* WM_NAME(STRING) = title
*/
/* class instance title tags mask isfloating monitor */
{ "Gimp", NULL, NULL, 0, 1, -1 },
{ "Firefox", NULL, NULL, 1 << 8, 0, -1 },
};
/* layout(s) */
static const float mfact = 0.55; /* factor of master area size [0.05..0.95] */
static const int nmaster = 1; /* number of clients in master area */
static const int resizehints = 1; /* 1 means respect size hints in tiled resizals */
static const int lockfullscreen = 1; /* 1 will force focus on the fullscreen window */
static const Layout layouts[] = {
/* symbol arrange function */
{ "[]=", tile }, /* first entry is default */
{ "><>", NULL }, /* no layout function means floating behavior */
{ "[M]", monocle },
};
/* key definitions */
#define MODKEY Mod1Mask
#define TAGKEYS(KEY,TAG) \
{ MODKEY, KEY, view, {.ui = 1 << TAG} }, \
{ MODKEY|ControlMask, KEY, toggleview, {.ui = 1 << TAG} }, \
{ MODKEY|ShiftMask, KEY, tag, {.ui = 1 << TAG} }, \
{ MODKEY|ControlMask|ShiftMask, KEY, toggletag, {.ui = 1 << TAG} },
/* helper for spawning shell commands in the pre dwm-5.0 fashion */
#define SHCMD(cmd) { .v = (const char*[]){ "/bin/sh", "-c", cmd, NULL } }
/* commands */
static char dmenumon[2] = "0"; /* component of dmenucmd, manipulated in spawn() */
static const char *dmenucmd[] = { "dmenu_run", "-m", dmenumon, "-fn", dmenufont, "-nb", col_gray1, "-nf", col_gray3, "-sb", col_cyan, "-sf", col_gray4, NULL };
static const char *termcmd[] = { "st", NULL };
static Key keys[] = {
/* modifier key function argument */
{ MODKEY, XK_p, spawn, {.v = dmenucmd } },
{ MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_Return, spawn, {.v = termcmd } },
{ MODKEY, XK_b, togglebar, {0} },
{ MODKEY, XK_j, focusstack, {.i = +1 } },
{ MODKEY, XK_k, focusstack, {.i = -1 } },
{ MODKEY, XK_i, incnmaster, {.i = +1 } },
{ MODKEY, XK_d, incnmaster, {.i = -1 } },
{ MODKEY, XK_h, setmfact, {.f = -0.05} },
{ MODKEY, XK_l, setmfact, {.f = +0.05} },
{ MODKEY, XK_Return, zoom, {0} },
{ MODKEY, XK_Tab, view, {0} },
{ MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_c, killclient, {0} },
{ MODKEY, XK_t, setlayout, {.v = &layouts[0]} },
{ MODKEY, XK_f, setlayout, {.v = &layouts[1]} },
{ MODKEY, XK_m, setlayout, {.v = &layouts[2]} },
{ MODKEY, XK_space, setlayout, {0} },
{ MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_space, togglefloating, {0} },
{ MODKEY, XK_0, view, {.ui = ~0 } },
{ MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_0, tag, {.ui = ~0 } },
{ MODKEY, XK_comma, focusmon, {.i = -1 } },
{ MODKEY, XK_period, focusmon, {.i = +1 } },
{ MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_comma, tagmon, {.i = -1 } },
{ MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_period, tagmon, {.i = +1 } },
TAGKEYS( XK_1, 0)
TAGKEYS( XK_2, 1)
TAGKEYS( XK_3, 2)
TAGKEYS( XK_4, 3)
TAGKEYS( XK_5, 4)
TAGKEYS( XK_6, 5)
TAGKEYS( XK_7, 6)
TAGKEYS( XK_8, 7)
TAGKEYS( XK_9, 8)
{ MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_q, quit, {0} },
};
/* button definitions */
/* click can be ClkTagBar, ClkLtSymbol, ClkStatusText, ClkWinTitle, ClkClientWin, or ClkRootWin */
static Button buttons[] = {
/* click event mask button function argument */
{ ClkLtSymbol, 0, Button1, setlayout, {0} },
{ ClkLtSymbol, 0, Button3, setlayout, {.v = &layouts[2]} },
{ ClkWinTitle, 0, Button2, zoom, {0} },
{ ClkStatusText, 0, Button2, spawn, {.v = termcmd } },
{ ClkClientWin, MODKEY, Button1, movemouse, {0} },
{ ClkClientWin, MODKEY, Button2, togglefloating, {0} },
{ ClkClientWin, MODKEY, Button3, resizemouse, {0} },
{ ClkTagBar, 0, Button1, view, {0} },
{ ClkTagBar, 0, Button3, toggleview, {0} },
{ ClkTagBar, MODKEY, Button1, tag, {0} },
{ ClkTagBar, MODKEY, Button3, toggletag, {0} },
};

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# dwm version
VERSION = 6.3
# Customize below to fit your system
# paths
PREFIX = /usr/local
MANPREFIX = ${PREFIX}/share/man
X11INC = /usr/X11R6/include
X11LIB = /usr/X11R6/lib
# Xinerama, comment if you don't want it
XINERAMALIBS = -lXinerama
XINERAMAFLAGS = -DXINERAMA
# freetype
FREETYPELIBS = -lfontconfig -lXft
FREETYPEINC = /usr/include/freetype2
# OpenBSD (uncomment)
#FREETYPEINC = ${X11INC}/freetype2
#MANPREFIX = ${PREFIX}/man
# includes and libs
INCS = -I${X11INC} -I${FREETYPEINC}
LIBS = -L${X11LIB} -lX11 ${XINERAMALIBS} ${FREETYPELIBS}
# flags
CPPFLAGS = -D_DEFAULT_SOURCE -D_BSD_SOURCE -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=200809L -DVERSION=\"${VERSION}\" ${XINERAMAFLAGS}
#CFLAGS = -g -std=c99 -pedantic -Wall -O0 ${INCS} ${CPPFLAGS}
CFLAGS = -std=c99 -pedantic -Wall -Wno-deprecated-declarations -Os ${INCS} ${CPPFLAGS}
LDFLAGS = ${LIBS}
# Solaris
#CFLAGS = -fast ${INCS} -DVERSION=\"${VERSION}\"
#LDFLAGS = ${LIBS}
# compiler and linker
CC = cc

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/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details. */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <X11/Xft/Xft.h>
#include "drw.h"
#include "util.h"
#define UTF_INVALID 0xFFFD
#define UTF_SIZ 4
static const unsigned char utfbyte[UTF_SIZ + 1] = {0x80, 0, 0xC0, 0xE0, 0xF0};
static const unsigned char utfmask[UTF_SIZ + 1] = {0xC0, 0x80, 0xE0, 0xF0, 0xF8};
static const long utfmin[UTF_SIZ + 1] = { 0, 0, 0x80, 0x800, 0x10000};
static const long utfmax[UTF_SIZ + 1] = {0x10FFFF, 0x7F, 0x7FF, 0xFFFF, 0x10FFFF};
static long
utf8decodebyte(const char c, size_t *i)
{
for (*i = 0; *i < (UTF_SIZ + 1); ++(*i))
if (((unsigned char)c & utfmask[*i]) == utfbyte[*i])
return (unsigned char)c & ~utfmask[*i];
return 0;
}
static size_t
utf8validate(long *u, size_t i)
{
if (!BETWEEN(*u, utfmin[i], utfmax[i]) || BETWEEN(*u, 0xD800, 0xDFFF))
*u = UTF_INVALID;
for (i = 1; *u > utfmax[i]; ++i)
;
return i;
}
static size_t
utf8decode(const char *c, long *u, size_t clen)
{
size_t i, j, len, type;
long udecoded;
*u = UTF_INVALID;
if (!clen)
return 0;
udecoded = utf8decodebyte(c[0], &len);
if (!BETWEEN(len, 1, UTF_SIZ))
return 1;
for (i = 1, j = 1; i < clen && j < len; ++i, ++j) {
udecoded = (udecoded << 6) | utf8decodebyte(c[i], &type);
if (type)
return j;
}
if (j < len)
return 0;
*u = udecoded;
utf8validate(u, len);
return len;
}
Drw *
drw_create(Display *dpy, int screen, Window root, unsigned int w, unsigned int h)
{
Drw *drw = ecalloc(1, sizeof(Drw));
drw->dpy = dpy;
drw->screen = screen;
drw->root = root;
drw->w = w;
drw->h = h;
drw->drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, w, h, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
drw->gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, NULL);
XSetLineAttributes(dpy, drw->gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
return drw;
}
void
drw_resize(Drw *drw, unsigned int w, unsigned int h)
{
if (!drw)
return;
drw->w = w;
drw->h = h;
if (drw->drawable)
XFreePixmap(drw->dpy, drw->drawable);
drw->drawable = XCreatePixmap(drw->dpy, drw->root, w, h, DefaultDepth(drw->dpy, drw->screen));
}
void
drw_free(Drw *drw)
{
XFreePixmap(drw->dpy, drw->drawable);
XFreeGC(drw->dpy, drw->gc);
drw_fontset_free(drw->fonts);
free(drw);
}
/* This function is an implementation detail. Library users should use
* drw_fontset_create instead.
*/
static Fnt *
xfont_create(Drw *drw, const char *fontname, FcPattern *fontpattern)
{
Fnt *font;
XftFont *xfont = NULL;
FcPattern *pattern = NULL;
if (fontname) {
/* Using the pattern found at font->xfont->pattern does not yield the
* same substitution results as using the pattern returned by
* FcNameParse; using the latter results in the desired fallback
* behaviour whereas the former just results in missing-character
* rectangles being drawn, at least with some fonts. */
if (!(xfont = XftFontOpenName(drw->dpy, drw->screen, fontname))) {
fprintf(stderr, "error, cannot load font from name: '%s'\n", fontname);
return NULL;
}
if (!(pattern = FcNameParse((FcChar8 *) fontname))) {
fprintf(stderr, "error, cannot parse font name to pattern: '%s'\n", fontname);
XftFontClose(drw->dpy, xfont);
return NULL;
}
} else if (fontpattern) {
if (!(xfont = XftFontOpenPattern(drw->dpy, fontpattern))) {
fprintf(stderr, "error, cannot load font from pattern.\n");
return NULL;
}
} else {
die("no font specified.");
}
/* Do not allow using color fonts. This is a workaround for a BadLength
* error from Xft with color glyphs. Modelled on the Xterm workaround. See
* https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1498269
* https://lists.suckless.org/dev/1701/30932.html
* https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=916349
* and lots more all over the internet.
*/
FcBool iscol;
if(FcPatternGetBool(xfont->pattern, FC_COLOR, 0, &iscol) == FcResultMatch && iscol) {
XftFontClose(drw->dpy, xfont);
return NULL;
}
font = ecalloc(1, sizeof(Fnt));
font->xfont = xfont;
font->pattern = pattern;
font->h = xfont->ascent + xfont->descent;
font->dpy = drw->dpy;
return font;
}
static void
xfont_free(Fnt *font)
{
if (!font)
return;
if (font->pattern)
FcPatternDestroy(font->pattern);
XftFontClose(font->dpy, font->xfont);
free(font);
}
Fnt*
drw_fontset_create(Drw* drw, const char *fonts[], size_t fontcount)
{
Fnt *cur, *ret = NULL;
size_t i;
if (!drw || !fonts)
return NULL;
for (i = 1; i <= fontcount; i++) {
if ((cur = xfont_create(drw, fonts[fontcount - i], NULL))) {
cur->next = ret;
ret = cur;
}
}
return (drw->fonts = ret);
}
void
drw_fontset_free(Fnt *font)
{
if (font) {
drw_fontset_free(font->next);
xfont_free(font);
}
}
void
drw_clr_create(Drw *drw, Clr *dest, const char *clrname)
{
if (!drw || !dest || !clrname)
return;
if (!XftColorAllocName(drw->dpy, DefaultVisual(drw->dpy, drw->screen),
DefaultColormap(drw->dpy, drw->screen),
clrname, dest))
die("error, cannot allocate color '%s'", clrname);
}
/* Wrapper to create color schemes. The caller has to call free(3) on the
* returned color scheme when done using it. */
Clr *
drw_scm_create(Drw *drw, const char *clrnames[], size_t clrcount)
{
size_t i;
Clr *ret;
/* need at least two colors for a scheme */
if (!drw || !clrnames || clrcount < 2 || !(ret = ecalloc(clrcount, sizeof(XftColor))))
return NULL;
for (i = 0; i < clrcount; i++)
drw_clr_create(drw, &ret[i], clrnames[i]);
return ret;
}
void
drw_setfontset(Drw *drw, Fnt *set)
{
if (drw)
drw->fonts = set;
}
void
drw_setscheme(Drw *drw, Clr *scm)
{
if (drw)
drw->scheme = scm;
}
void
drw_rect(Drw *drw, int x, int y, unsigned int w, unsigned int h, int filled, int invert)
{
if (!drw || !drw->scheme)
return;
XSetForeground(drw->dpy, drw->gc, invert ? drw->scheme[ColBg].pixel : drw->scheme[ColFg].pixel);
if (filled)
XFillRectangle(drw->dpy, drw->drawable, drw->gc, x, y, w, h);
else
XDrawRectangle(drw->dpy, drw->drawable, drw->gc, x, y, w - 1, h - 1);
}
int
drw_text(Drw *drw, int x, int y, unsigned int w, unsigned int h, unsigned int lpad, const char *text, int invert)
{
int i, ty, ellipsis_x = 0;
unsigned int tmpw, ew, ellipsis_w = 0, ellipsis_len;
XftDraw *d = NULL;
Fnt *usedfont, *curfont, *nextfont;
int utf8strlen, utf8charlen, render = x || y || w || h;
long utf8codepoint = 0;
const char *utf8str;
FcCharSet *fccharset;
FcPattern *fcpattern;
FcPattern *match;
XftResult result;
int charexists = 0, overflow = 0;
/* keep track of a couple codepoints for which we have no match. */
enum { nomatches_len = 64 };
static struct { long codepoint[nomatches_len]; unsigned int idx; } nomatches;
static unsigned int ellipsis_width = 0;
if (!drw || (render && (!drw->scheme || !w)) || !text || !drw->fonts)
return 0;
if (!render) {
w = invert ? invert : ~invert;
} else {
XSetForeground(drw->dpy, drw->gc, drw->scheme[invert ? ColFg : ColBg].pixel);
XFillRectangle(drw->dpy, drw->drawable, drw->gc, x, y, w, h);
d = XftDrawCreate(drw->dpy, drw->drawable,
DefaultVisual(drw->dpy, drw->screen),
DefaultColormap(drw->dpy, drw->screen));
x += lpad;
w -= lpad;
}
usedfont = drw->fonts;
if (!ellipsis_width && render)
ellipsis_width = drw_fontset_getwidth(drw, "...");
while (1) {
ew = ellipsis_len = utf8strlen = 0;
utf8str = text;
nextfont = NULL;
while (*text) {
utf8charlen = utf8decode(text, &utf8codepoint, UTF_SIZ);
for (curfont = drw->fonts; curfont; curfont = curfont->next) {
charexists = charexists || XftCharExists(drw->dpy, curfont->xfont, utf8codepoint);
if (charexists) {
drw_font_getexts(curfont, text, utf8charlen, &tmpw, NULL);
if (ew + ellipsis_width <= w) {
/* keep track where the ellipsis still fits */
ellipsis_x = x + ew;
ellipsis_w = w - ew;
ellipsis_len = utf8strlen;
}
if (ew + tmpw > w) {
overflow = 1;
/* called from drw_fontset_getwidth_clamp():
* it wants the width AFTER the overflow
*/
if (!render)
x += tmpw;
else
utf8strlen = ellipsis_len;
} else if (curfont == usedfont) {
utf8strlen += utf8charlen;
text += utf8charlen;
ew += tmpw;
} else {
nextfont = curfont;
}
break;
}
}
if (overflow || !charexists || nextfont)
break;
else
charexists = 0;
}
if (utf8strlen) {
if (render) {
ty = y + (h - usedfont->h) / 2 + usedfont->xfont->ascent;
XftDrawStringUtf8(d, &drw->scheme[invert ? ColBg : ColFg],
usedfont->xfont, x, ty, (XftChar8 *)utf8str, utf8strlen);
}
x += ew;
w -= ew;
}
if (render && overflow)
drw_text(drw, ellipsis_x, y, ellipsis_w, h, 0, "...", invert);
if (!*text || overflow) {
break;
} else if (nextfont) {
charexists = 0;
usedfont = nextfont;
} else {
/* Regardless of whether or not a fallback font is found, the
* character must be drawn. */
charexists = 1;
for (i = 0; i < nomatches_len; ++i) {
/* avoid calling XftFontMatch if we know we won't find a match */
if (utf8codepoint == nomatches.codepoint[i])
goto no_match;
}
fccharset = FcCharSetCreate();
FcCharSetAddChar(fccharset, utf8codepoint);
if (!drw->fonts->pattern) {
/* Refer to the comment in xfont_create for more information. */
die("the first font in the cache must be loaded from a font string.");
}
fcpattern = FcPatternDuplicate(drw->fonts->pattern);
FcPatternAddCharSet(fcpattern, FC_CHARSET, fccharset);
FcPatternAddBool(fcpattern, FC_SCALABLE, FcTrue);
FcPatternAddBool(fcpattern, FC_COLOR, FcFalse);
FcConfigSubstitute(NULL, fcpattern, FcMatchPattern);
FcDefaultSubstitute(fcpattern);
match = XftFontMatch(drw->dpy, drw->screen, fcpattern, &result);
FcCharSetDestroy(fccharset);
FcPatternDestroy(fcpattern);
if (match) {
usedfont = xfont_create(drw, NULL, match);
if (usedfont && XftCharExists(drw->dpy, usedfont->xfont, utf8codepoint)) {
for (curfont = drw->fonts; curfont->next; curfont = curfont->next)
; /* NOP */
curfont->next = usedfont;
} else {
xfont_free(usedfont);
nomatches.codepoint[++nomatches.idx % nomatches_len] = utf8codepoint;
no_match:
usedfont = drw->fonts;
}
}
}
}
if (d)
XftDrawDestroy(d);
return x + (render ? w : 0);
}
void
drw_map(Drw *drw, Window win, int x, int y, unsigned int w, unsigned int h)
{
if (!drw)
return;
XCopyArea(drw->dpy, drw->drawable, win, drw->gc, x, y, w, h, x, y);
XSync(drw->dpy, False);
}
unsigned int
drw_fontset_getwidth(Drw *drw, const char *text)
{
if (!drw || !drw->fonts || !text)
return 0;
return drw_text(drw, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, text, 0);
}
unsigned int
drw_fontset_getwidth_clamp(Drw *drw, const char *text, unsigned int n)
{
unsigned int tmp = 0;
if (drw && drw->fonts && text && n)
tmp = drw_text(drw, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, text, n);
return MIN(n, tmp);
}
void
drw_font_getexts(Fnt *font, const char *text, unsigned int len, unsigned int *w, unsigned int *h)
{
XGlyphInfo ext;
if (!font || !text)
return;
XftTextExtentsUtf8(font->dpy, font->xfont, (XftChar8 *)text, len, &ext);
if (w)
*w = ext.xOff;
if (h)
*h = font->h;
}
Cur *
drw_cur_create(Drw *drw, int shape)
{
Cur *cur;
if (!drw || !(cur = ecalloc(1, sizeof(Cur))))
return NULL;
cur->cursor = XCreateFontCursor(drw->dpy, shape);
return cur;
}
void
drw_cur_free(Drw *drw, Cur *cursor)
{
if (!cursor)
return;
XFreeCursor(drw->dpy, cursor->cursor);
free(cursor);
}

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/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details. */
typedef struct {
Cursor cursor;
} Cur;
typedef struct Fnt {
Display *dpy;
unsigned int h;
XftFont *xfont;
FcPattern *pattern;
struct Fnt *next;
} Fnt;
enum { ColFg, ColBg, ColBorder }; /* Clr scheme index */
typedef XftColor Clr;
typedef struct {
unsigned int w, h;
Display *dpy;
int screen;
Window root;
Drawable drawable;
GC gc;
Clr *scheme;
Fnt *fonts;
} Drw;
/* Drawable abstraction */
Drw *drw_create(Display *dpy, int screen, Window win, unsigned int w, unsigned int h);
void drw_resize(Drw *drw, unsigned int w, unsigned int h);
void drw_free(Drw *drw);
/* Fnt abstraction */
Fnt *drw_fontset_create(Drw* drw, const char *fonts[], size_t fontcount);
void drw_fontset_free(Fnt* set);
unsigned int drw_fontset_getwidth(Drw *drw, const char *text);
unsigned int drw_fontset_getwidth_clamp(Drw *drw, const char *text, unsigned int n);
void drw_font_getexts(Fnt *font, const char *text, unsigned int len, unsigned int *w, unsigned int *h);
/* Colorscheme abstraction */
void drw_clr_create(Drw *drw, Clr *dest, const char *clrname);
Clr *drw_scm_create(Drw *drw, const char *clrnames[], size_t clrcount);
/* Cursor abstraction */
Cur *drw_cur_create(Drw *drw, int shape);
void drw_cur_free(Drw *drw, Cur *cursor);
/* Drawing context manipulation */
void drw_setfontset(Drw *drw, Fnt *set);
void drw_setscheme(Drw *drw, Clr *scm);
/* Drawing functions */
void drw_rect(Drw *drw, int x, int y, unsigned int w, unsigned int h, int filled, int invert);
int drw_text(Drw *drw, int x, int y, unsigned int w, unsigned int h, unsigned int lpad, const char *text, int invert);
/* Map functions */
void drw_map(Drw *drw, Window win, int x, int y, unsigned int w, unsigned int h);

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.TH DWM 1 dwm\-VERSION
.SH NAME
dwm \- dynamic window manager
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B dwm
.RB [ \-v ]
.SH DESCRIPTION
dwm is a dynamic window manager for X. It manages windows in tiled, monocle
and floating layouts. Either layout can be applied dynamically, optimising the
environment for the application in use and the task performed.
.P
In tiled layouts windows are managed in a master and stacking area. The master
area on the left contains one window by default, and the stacking area on the
right contains all other windows. The number of master area windows can be
adjusted from zero to an arbitrary number. In monocle layout all windows are
maximised to the screen size. In floating layout windows can be resized and
moved freely. Dialog windows are always managed floating, regardless of the
layout applied.
.P
Windows are grouped by tags. Each window can be tagged with one or multiple
tags. Selecting certain tags displays all windows with these tags.
.P
Each screen contains a small status bar which displays all available tags, the
layout, the title of the focused window, and the text read from the root window
name property, if the screen is focused. A floating window is indicated with an
empty square and a maximised floating window is indicated with a filled square
before the windows title. The selected tags are indicated with a different
color. The tags of the focused window are indicated with a filled square in the
top left corner. The tags which are applied to one or more windows are
indicated with an empty square in the top left corner.
.P
dwm draws a small border around windows to indicate the focus state.
.SH OPTIONS
.TP
.B \-v
prints version information to stderr, then exits.
.SH USAGE
.SS Status bar
.TP
.B X root window name
is read and displayed in the status text area. It can be set with the
.BR xsetroot (1)
command.
.TP
.B Button1
click on a tag label to display all windows with that tag, click on the layout
label toggles between tiled and floating layout.
.TP
.B Button3
click on a tag label adds/removes all windows with that tag to/from the view.
.TP
.B Mod1\-Button1
click on a tag label applies that tag to the focused window.
.TP
.B Mod1\-Button3
click on a tag label adds/removes that tag to/from the focused window.
.SS Keyboard commands
.TP
.B Mod1\-Shift\-Return
Start
.BR st(1).
.TP
.B Mod1\-p
Spawn
.BR dmenu(1)
for launching other programs.
.TP
.B Mod1\-,
Focus previous screen, if any.
.TP
.B Mod1\-.
Focus next screen, if any.
.TP
.B Mod1\-Shift\-,
Send focused window to previous screen, if any.
.TP
.B Mod1\-Shift\-.
Send focused window to next screen, if any.
.TP
.B Mod1\-b
Toggles bar on and off.
.TP
.B Mod1\-t
Sets tiled layout.
.TP
.B Mod1\-f
Sets floating layout.
.TP
.B Mod1\-m
Sets monocle layout.
.TP
.B Mod1\-space
Toggles between current and previous layout.
.TP
.B Mod1\-j
Focus next window.
.TP
.B Mod1\-k
Focus previous window.
.TP
.B Mod1\-i
Increase number of windows in master area.
.TP
.B Mod1\-d
Decrease number of windows in master area.
.TP
.B Mod1\-l
Increase master area size.
.TP
.B Mod1\-h
Decrease master area size.
.TP
.B Mod1\-Return
Zooms/cycles focused window to/from master area (tiled layouts only).
.TP
.B Mod1\-Shift\-c
Close focused window.
.TP
.B Mod1\-Shift\-space
Toggle focused window between tiled and floating state.
.TP
.B Mod1\-Tab
Toggles to the previously selected tags.
.TP
.B Mod1\-Shift\-[1..n]
Apply nth tag to focused window.
.TP
.B Mod1\-Shift\-0
Apply all tags to focused window.
.TP
.B Mod1\-Control\-Shift\-[1..n]
Add/remove nth tag to/from focused window.
.TP
.B Mod1\-[1..n]
View all windows with nth tag.
.TP
.B Mod1\-0
View all windows with any tag.
.TP
.B Mod1\-Control\-[1..n]
Add/remove all windows with nth tag to/from the view.
.TP
.B Mod1\-Shift\-q
Quit dwm.
.SS Mouse commands
.TP
.B Mod1\-Button1
Move focused window while dragging. Tiled windows will be toggled to the floating state.
.TP
.B Mod1\-Button2
Toggles focused window between floating and tiled state.
.TP
.B Mod1\-Button3
Resize focused window while dragging. Tiled windows will be toggled to the floating state.
.SH CUSTOMIZATION
dwm is customized by creating a custom config.h and (re)compiling the source
code. This keeps it fast, secure and simple.
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR dmenu (1),
.BR st (1)
.SH ISSUES
Java applications which use the XToolkit/XAWT backend may draw grey windows
only. The XToolkit/XAWT backend breaks ICCCM-compliance in recent JDK 1.5 and early
JDK 1.6 versions, because it assumes a reparenting window manager. Possible workarounds
are using JDK 1.4 (which doesn't contain the XToolkit/XAWT backend) or setting the
environment variable
.BR AWT_TOOLKIT=MToolkit
(to use the older Motif backend instead) or running
.B xprop -root -f _NET_WM_NAME 32a -set _NET_WM_NAME LG3D
or
.B wmname LG3D
(to pretend that a non-reparenting window manager is running that the
XToolkit/XAWT backend can recognize) or when using OpenJDK setting the environment variable
.BR _JAVA_AWT_WM_NONREPARENTING=1 .
.SH BUGS
Send all bug reports with a patch to hackers@suckless.org.

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/* cc transient.c -o transient -lX11 */
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <X11/Xutil.h>
int main(void) {
Display *d;
Window r, f, t = None;
XSizeHints h;
XEvent e;
d = XOpenDisplay(NULL);
if (!d)
exit(1);
r = DefaultRootWindow(d);
f = XCreateSimpleWindow(d, r, 100, 100, 400, 400, 0, 0, 0);
h.min_width = h.max_width = h.min_height = h.max_height = 400;
h.flags = PMinSize | PMaxSize;
XSetWMNormalHints(d, f, &h);
XStoreName(d, f, "floating");
XMapWindow(d, f);
XSelectInput(d, f, ExposureMask);
while (1) {
XNextEvent(d, &e);
if (t == None) {
sleep(5);
t = XCreateSimpleWindow(d, r, 50, 50, 100, 100, 0, 0, 0);
XSetTransientForHint(d, t, f);
XStoreName(d, t, "transient");
XMapWindow(d, t);
XSelectInput(d, t, ExposureMask);
}
}
XCloseDisplay(d);
exit(0);
}

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/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details. */
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "util.h"
void
die(const char *fmt, ...)
{
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, fmt);
vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
va_end(ap);
if (fmt[0] && fmt[strlen(fmt)-1] == ':') {
fputc(' ', stderr);
perror(NULL);
} else {
fputc('\n', stderr);
}
exit(1);
}
void *
ecalloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size)
{
void *p;
if (!(p = calloc(nmemb, size)))
die("calloc:");
return p;
}

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/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details. */
#define MAX(A, B) ((A) > (B) ? (A) : (B))
#define MIN(A, B) ((A) < (B) ? (A) : (B))
#define BETWEEN(X, A, B) ((A) <= (X) && (X) <= (B))
void die(const char *fmt, ...);
void *ecalloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size);

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